Writing code in java programming

How to Write Your First Program in Java

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Java is an object-oriented programming language created in 1995 by James Gosling, which means that it represents concepts as «objects» with «fields» (which are attributes that describe the object) and «methods» (actions that the object can make). Java is a «write once, run anywhere» language, which means that it is designed to run on any platform that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Since Java is a very verbose programming language, it is easy for beginners to learn and understand. This tutorial is an introduction to writing programs in Java.

Writing Your First Java Program

In order to start writing programs in Java, set up your work environment. Many programmers use Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) such as Eclipse and Netbeans for their Java programming, but one can write a Java program and compile it without bloated IDEs.

Any sort of Notepad-like program will suffice for programming in Java. Hardcore programmers sometimes prefer to use text editors that are within the terminal such as vim and emacs. A very good text editor that can be installed on both a Windows machine and on a linux-based machine (Mac, Ubuntu, etc.) is Sublime Text, which is what we will be using in this tutorial.

• In a Windows-based operating system, if the environment variables are not correct, you might get an error when running javac . Refer the installation article How to Install the Java Software Development Kit for more details about JDK installation to avoid this error.

Hello World Program

We will first create a program that prints «Hello World.» In your text editor, create a new file and save it as «HelloWorld.java». HelloWorld is your class name and you will need your class name to be the same name as your file.

Declare your class and your main method. The main method public static void main(String[] args) is the method that will be executed when the programming is running. This main method will have the same method declaration in every Java program.

public class HelloWorld  public static void main(String[] args)  > > 

System.out.println("Hello World."); 

• Let’s look at the components of this line:
  • System tells the system to do something.
  • out tells the system that we are going to do some output stuff.
  • println stands for «print line,» so we are telling the system to print a line in the output.
  • The parentheses around («Hello World.») means that the method System.out.println() takes in a parameter, which, in this case, is the String «Hello World.»
  • You must always add a semicolon at the end of every line.
  • Java is case sensitive, so you must write method names, variable names, and class names in the correct case or you will get an error.
  • Blocks of code specific to a certain method or loop are encased between curly brackets.

  

  public class HelloWorld  public static void main(String[] args)  System.out.println("Hello World."); > > 

  

  Save your file and open up command prompt or terminal to compile the program. Navigate to the folder where you saved HelloWorld.java and type in javac HelloWorld.java . This tells the Java compiler that you want to compile HelloWorld.java. If there are errors, the compiler will tell you what you did wrong. Otherwise, you shouldn’t see any messages from the compiler. If you look at the directory where you have HelloWorld.java now, you should see HelloWorld.class. This the the file that Java will use to run your program.

  

  Run the program. Finally, we get to run our program! In command prompt or terminal, type in java HelloWorld . This tells Java that you want to run the class HelloWorld. You should see «Hello World.» show up in your console.

  

  Input and Output

  

  We will now extend our Hello World program to take input from the user. In our Hello World program, we printed out a string for the user to see, but the interactive part of programs is when the user gets to enter input into the program. We will now extend our program to prompt the user for his or her name and then greet the user by his or her name.

  

  Import the Scanner class. In Java, we have some built in libraries that we have access to, but we have to import them. One of these libraries is java.util, which contains the Scanner object that we need to get user input. In order to import the Scanner class, we add the following line to the beginning of our code.

  • This tells our program that we want to use the Scanner object which exists in the package java.util.
  • If we wanted to have access to every object in the java.util package, we simply write import java.util.*; at the beginning of our code.

  

  Inside our main method, instantiate a new instance of the Scanner object. Java is an object-oriented programming language, so it represents concepts using objects. The Scanner object is an example of an object that has fields and methods. In order to use the Scanner class, we have to create a new Scanner object that we can populate the fields of and use the methods of. To do this, we write:

  Scanner userInputScanner = new Scanner(System.in); 

  • userInputScanner is the name of the Scanner object that we just instantiated. Note that the name is written in camel case; this is the convention for naming variables in Java.
  • We use the new operator to create a new instance of an object. So, in this instance, we created a new instance of the Scanner object by writing new Scanner(System.in) .
  • The Scanner object takes in a parameter that tells the object what to scan. In this case, we put in System.in as a parameter. System.in tells the program to scan the input from the system, which is the input that the user will type into the program.

  

  Prompt the user for an input. We have to prompt the user for an input so that the user knows when to type something into the console. This can be accomplished with a System.out.print or a System.out.println .

  System.out.print("What's your name? "); 

  

  Ask the Scanner object to take in the next line that the user types in and store that in a variable. The Scanner will always be taking in data on what the user is typing in. The following line will ask the Scanner to take what the user has typed in for his or her name and store it in a variable:

  String userInputName = userInputScanner.nextLine(); 

  • In Java, the convention for using an object’s method is objectName.methodName(parameters) . In userInputScanner.nextLine() , we are calling our Scanner object by the name we just gave it and then we are calling its method nextLine() which does not take in any parameters.
  • Note that we are storing the next line in another object: the String object. We have named our String object userInputName

  

  Print out a greeting to the user. Now that we have the user’s name stored, we can print out a greeting to the user. Remember the System.out.println(«Hello World.»); that we wrote in the main class? All of the code that we just wrote should go above that line. Now we can modify that line to say:

  System.out.println("Hello " + userInputName + "!"); 

  • The way we chained up «Hello «, the user’s name, and «!» by writing «Hello » + userInputName + «!» is called String concatenation.
  • What’s happening here is that we have three strings: «Hello «, userInputName, and «!». Strings in Java are immutable, which means that they cannot be changed. So when we are concatenating these three strings, we are essentially created a new string that contains the greeting.
  • Then we take this new string and feed it as a parameter to System.out.println .

  

  import java.util.Scanner; public class HelloWorld  public static void main(String[] args)  Scanner userInputScanner = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("What's your name? "); String userInputName = userInputScanner.nextLine(); System.out.println("Hello " + userInputName + "!"); > > 

  

  Compile and run. Go into command prompt or terminal and run the same commands as we ran for our first iteration of HelloWorld.java. We have to first compile the program: javac HelloWorld.java . Then we can run it: java HelloWorld .

  Sample Java Programs

  Community Q&A

  Try: import java.io.*; class prime < public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException < int n,i,r,f=0; DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(Sytem.in); in=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine()); for(i=2;i

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  An easy way is to click on the right side of the mouse and a window will pop up, then click run java application.

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  Java is an object-oriented programming language, so it’s useful to read more on the foundations of object-oriented programming languages.

  • Encapsulation: the ability to restrict access to some of the object’s components. Java has private, protected, and public modifiers for fields and methods.
  • Polymorphism: the ability for objects to take on different identities. In Java, an object can be cast into another object to use the other object’s methods.
  • Inheritance: the ability to use fields and methods from another class in the same hierarchy as the current object.

  

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  Источник

  Java Hello World Program: How to Write & Run?

  In this Java Hello World example, we’ll use Notepad. It is a simple editor included with the Windows Operating System. You can use a different text editor like NotePad++ or use online java compiler.

  Hello World Java – Your First Java Program Video

  This video will help you learn how to start a Java program:

  Click here if the video is not accessible

  Steps to Compile and Run first Java program

  Here is a step by step process on how to run Java program:

  Step 1) Open Notepad from Start menu by selecting Programs > Accessories > Notepad.

  

  Step 2) Create a Source Code for your Hello World program in Java

  • Declare a class with name A.
  • Declare the main method public static void main(String args[])
  • Now Type the System.out.println(“Hello World”); which will print Hello World in Java.

  

  Step 3) Save the file for Java Hello World program as FirstProgram.java make sure to select file type as all files while saving the file in our working folder C:\workspace

  

  Step 4) Open the command prompt. Go to Directory C:\workspace. Compile the code of your Hello world Java program using command,

  

  Step 5) If you look in your working folder, you can see that a file named A.class has been created.

  

  Step 6) To execute the code, enter the command java followed by the class name, as expected output Hello World is displayed now.

  

  Note: Java is case sensitive Programming language. All code, commands, and file names should is used in consistent casing. FirstProgram is not same as firstprogram.

  Step 7) If you copy and paste the same code in IDE like Eclipse the compiling and execution is done with the click of a button Using IDE is convenient and improves your efficiency but since you are learning Java, we recommend you stick to notepad for simple Java program execution.

  

  Источник