What is operator in java with example
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Operators
Now that you’ve learned how to declare and initialize variables, you probably want to know how to do something with them. Learning the operators of the Java programming language is a good place to start. Operators are special symbols that perform specific operations on one, two, or three operands, and then return a result.
As we explore the operators of the Java programming language, it may be helpful for you to know ahead of time which operators have the highest precedence. The operators in the following table are listed according to precedence order. The closer to the top of the table an operator appears, the higher its precedence. Operators with higher precedence are evaluated before operators with relatively lower precedence. Operators on the same line have equal precedence. When operators of equal precedence appear in the same expression, a rule must govern which is evaluated first. All binary operators except for the assignment operators are evaluated from left to right; assignment operators are evaluated right to left.
| Operators | Precedence |
|---|---|
| postfix | expr++ expr— |
| unary | ++expr —expr +expr —expr ~ ! |
| multiplicative | * / % |
| additive | + — |
| shift | > >>> |
| relational | < >= instanceof |
| equality | == != |
| bitwise AND | & |
| bitwise exclusive OR | ^ |
| bitwise inclusive OR | | |
| logical AND | && |
| logical OR | || |
| ternary | ? : |
| assignment | = += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <>= >>>= |
In general-purpose programming, certain operators tend to appear more frequently than others; for example, the assignment operator » = » is far more common than the unsigned right shift operator » >>> «. With that in mind, the following discussion focuses first on the operators that you’re most likely to use on a regular basis, and ends focusing on those that are less common. Each discussion is accompanied by sample code that you can compile and run. Studying its output will help reinforce what you’ve just learned.
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Java Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:
Example
Although the + operator is often used to add together two values, like in the example above, it can also be used to add together a variable and a value, or a variable and another variable:
Example
int sum1 = 100 + 50; // 150 (100 + 50) int sum2 = sum1 + 250; // 400 (150 + 250) int sum3 = sum2 + sum2; // 800 (400 + 400) Java divides the operators into the following groups:
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Logical operators
- Bitwise operators
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform common mathematical operations.
| Operator | Name | Description | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | Adds together two values | x + y | Try it » |
| — | Subtraction | Subtracts one value from another | x — y | Try it » |
| * | Multiplication | Multiplies two values | x * y | Try it » |
| / | Division | Divides one value by another | x / y | Try it » |
| % | Modulus | Returns the division remainder | x % y | Try it » |
| ++ | Increment | Increases the value of a variable by 1 | ++x | Try it » |
| — | Decrement | Decreases the value of a variable by 1 | —x | Try it » |
Java Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.
In the example below, we use the assignment operator ( = ) to assign the value 10 to a variable called x:
Example
The addition assignment operator ( += ) adds a value to a variable:
Example
A list of all assignment operators:
| Operator | Example | Same As | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| = | x = 5 | x = 5 | Try it » |
| += | x += 3 | x = x + 3 | Try it » |
| -= | x -= 3 | x = x — 3 | Try it » |
| *= | x *= 3 | x = x * 3 | Try it » |
| /= | x /= 3 | x = x / 3 | Try it » |
| %= | x %= 3 | x = x % 3 | Try it » |
| &= | x &= 3 | x = x & 3 | Try it » |
| |= | x |= 3 | x = x | 3 | Try it » |
| ^= | x ^= 3 | x = x ^ 3 | Try it » |
| >>= | x >>= 3 | x = x >> 3 | Try it » |
| x | x = x | Try it » |
Java Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two values (or variables). This is important in programming, because it helps us to find answers and make decisions.
The return value of a comparison is either true or false . These values are known as Boolean values, and you will learn more about them in the Booleans and If..Else chapter.
In the following example, we use the greater than operator ( > ) to find out if 5 is greater than 3:
Example
int x = 5; int y = 3; System.out.println(x > y); // returns true, because 5 is higher than 3 | Operator | Name | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| == | Equal to | x == y | Try it » |
| != | Not equal | x != y | Try it » |
| > | Greater than | x > y | Try it » |
| Less than | x < y | Try it » | |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | x >= y | Try it » |
| Less than or equal to | x | Try it » |
Java Logical Operators
You can also test for true or false values with logical operators.
Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables or values:
| Operator | Name | Description | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| && | Logical and | Returns true if both statements are true | x < 5 && x < 10 | Try it » |
| || | Logical or | Returns true if one of the statements is true | x < 5 || x < 4 | Try it » |
| ! | Logical not | Reverse the result, returns false if the result is true | !(x < 5 && x < 10) | Try it » |