What is java swing gui

Trail: Creating a GUI With Swing

This trail tells you how to create graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for applications and applets, using the Swing components. If you would like to incorporate JavaFX into your Swing application, please see Integrating JavaFX into Swing Applications.

Getting Started with Swing is a quick start lesson. First it gives you a bit of background about Swing. Then it tells you how to compile and run programs that use Swing components.

Learning Swing with the NetBeans IDE is the fastest and easiest way to begin working with Swing. This lesson explores the NetBeans IDE’s GUI builder, a powerful feature that lets you visually construct your Graphical User Interfaces.

Using Swing Components tells you how to use each of the Swing components — buttons, tables, text components, and all the rest. It also tells you how to use borders and icons.

Concurrency in Swing discusses concurrency as it applies to Swing programming. Information on the event dispatch thread and the SwingWorker class are included.

Using Other Swing Features tells you how to use actions, timers, and the system tray; how to integrate with the desktop class, how to support assistive technologies, how to print tables and text, how to create a splash screen, and how to use modality in dialogs.

Laying Out Components Within a Container tells you how to choose a layout manager, how to use each of the layout manager classes the Java platform provides, how to use absolute positioning instead of a layout manager, and how to create your own layout manager.

Modifying the Look and Feel tells you how to specify the look and feel of Swing components.

Drag and Drop and Data Transfer tells you what you need to know to implement data transfer in your application.

Writing Event Listeners tells you how to handle events in your programs.

Performing Custom Painting gives you information on painting your own Swing components. It discusses painting issues specific to Swing components, provides an overview of painting concepts, and has examples of custom components that paint themselves.

Other UI-Related Trails

Although this is the main trail for learning about GUIs, it isn’t the only trail with UI-related information.

• 2D Graphics, which describes the 2D graphics features available in the JDK.
• Sound, which discusses the sound capabilities available in the JDK.
• Java Applets, which describes API available only to applets.
• Essential Java Classes, which covers many topics, including properties and the standard I/O streams.
• The JavaFX Documentation, which describes how to build UIs with JavaFX.
• The Bonus trail contains Full-Screen Exclusive Mode API, a lesson that describes how to use API introduced in v1.4 to render graphics directly to the screen.

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Trail: Creating a GUI With Swing

This trail tells you how to create graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for applications and applets, using the Swing components. If you would like to incorporate JavaFX into your Swing application, please see Integrating JavaFX into Swing Applications.

Getting Started with Swing is a quick start lesson. First it gives you a bit of background about Swing. Then it tells you how to compile and run programs that use Swing components.

Learning Swing with the NetBeans IDE is the fastest and easiest way to begin working with Swing. This lesson explores the NetBeans IDE’s GUI builder, a powerful feature that lets you visually construct your Graphical User Interfaces.

Using Swing Components tells you how to use each of the Swing components — buttons, tables, text components, and all the rest. It also tells you how to use borders and icons.

Concurrency in Swing discusses concurrency as it applies to Swing programming. Information on the event dispatch thread and the SwingWorker class are included.

Using Other Swing Features tells you how to use actions, timers, and the system tray; how to integrate with the desktop class, how to support assistive technologies, how to print tables and text, how to create a splash screen, and how to use modality in dialogs.

Laying Out Components Within a Container tells you how to choose a layout manager, how to use each of the layout manager classes the Java platform provides, how to use absolute positioning instead of a layout manager, and how to create your own layout manager.

Modifying the Look and Feel tells you how to specify the look and feel of Swing components.

Drag and Drop and Data Transfer tells you what you need to know to implement data transfer in your application.

Writing Event Listeners tells you how to handle events in your programs.

Performing Custom Painting gives you information on painting your own Swing components. It discusses painting issues specific to Swing components, provides an overview of painting concepts, and has examples of custom components that paint themselves.

Other UI-Related Trails

Although this is the main trail for learning about GUIs, it isn’t the only trail with UI-related information.

• 2D Graphics, which describes the 2D graphics features available in the JDK.
• Sound, which discusses the sound capabilities available in the JDK.
• Java Applets, which describes API available only to applets.
• Essential Java Classes, which covers many topics, including properties and the standard I/O streams.
• The JavaFX Documentation, which describes how to build UIs with JavaFX.
• The Bonus trail contains Full-Screen Exclusive Mode API, a lesson that describes how to use API introduced in v1.4 to render graphics directly to the screen.

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Java Swing Tutorial: How to Create a GUI Application in Java

Swing in Java is a Graphical User Interface (GUI) toolkit that includes the GUI components. Swing provides a rich set of widgets and packages to make sophisticated GUI components for Java applications. Swing is a part of Java Foundation Classes(JFC), which is an API for Java GUI programing that provide GUI.

The Java Swing library is built on top of the Java Abstract Widget Toolkit (AWT), an older, platform dependent GUI toolkit. You can use the Java simple GUI programming components like button, textbox, etc., from the library and do not have to create the components from scratch.

In this Java Swing tutorial, you will learn Java GUI basics like-

Java Swing class Hierarchy Diagram

All components in Java Swing are JComponent which can be added to container classes.

What is a Container Class?

Container classes are classes that can have other components on it. So for creating a Java Swing GUI, we need at least one container object. There are 3 types of Java Swing containers.

1. Panel: It is a pure container and is not a window in itself. The sole purpose of a Panel is to organize the components on to a window.
2. Frame: It is a fully functioning window with its title and icons.
3. Dialog: It can be thought of like a pop-up window that pops out when a message has to be displayed. It is not a fully functioning window like the Frame.

What is GUI in Java?

GUI (Graphical User Interface) in Java is an easy-to-use visual experience builder for Java applications. It is mainly made of graphical components like buttons, labels, windows, etc. through which the user can interact with an application. GUI plays an important role to build easy interfaces for Java applications.

How to Make a GUI in Java with Example

Now in this Java GUI Tutorial, let’s understand how to create a GUI in Java with Swings in Java examples.

Step 1) Copy code into an editor
In first step Copy the following code into an editor.

import javax.swing.*; class gui < public static void main(String args[])< JFrame frame = new JFrame("My First GUI"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setSize(300,300); JButton button = new JButton("Press"); frame.getContentPane().add(button); // Adds Button to content pane of frame frame.setVisible(true); >>

Step 2) Run the code
Next step, Save, Compile, and Run the code

Step 3) Copy following code into an editor
Now let’s Add a Button to our frame. Copy following code into an editor from given Java UI Example

import javax.swing.*; class gui < public static void main(String args[])< JFrame frame = new JFrame("My First GUI"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setSize(300,300); JButton button1 = new JButton("Press"); frame.getContentPane().add(button1); frame.setVisible(true); >>

Step 5) Add two buttons
How about adding two buttons? Copy the following code into an editor.

import javax.swing.*; class gui < public static void main(String args[])< JFrame frame = new JFrame("My First GUI"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setSize(300,300); JButton button1 = new JButton("Button 1"); JButton button2 = new JButton("Button 2"); frame.getContentPane().add(button1); frame.getContentPane().add(button2); frame.setVisible(true); >>

Step 6) Save & Run the program
Next, Save, Compile, and Run the program.

Step 7) Check output
Unexpected output =? Buttons are getting overlapped.

Java Layout Manager

The Layout manager is used to layout (or arrange) the GUI Java components inside a container. There are many layout managers, but the most frequently used are-

Java BorderLayout

A BorderLayout places components in up to five areas: top, bottom, left, right, and center. It is the default layout manager for every java JFrame

Java FlowLayout

FlowLayout is the default layout manager for every JPanel . It simply lays out components in a single row one after the other.

Java GridBagLayout

It is the more sophisticated of all layouts. It aligns components by placing them within a grid of cells, allowing components to span more than one cell.

Step 8) Create chat frame
How about creating a chat frame like below?

Try to code yourself before looking at the program below.

//Usually you will require both swing and awt packages // even if you are working with just swings. import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; class gui < public static void main(String args[]) < //Creating the Frame JFrame frame = new JFrame("Chat Frame"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setSize(400, 400); //Creating the MenuBar and adding components JMenuBar mb = new JMenuBar(); JMenu m1 = new JMenu("FILE"); JMenu m2 = new JMenu("Help"); mb.add(m1); mb.add(m2); JMenuItem m11 = new JMenuItem("Open"); JMenuItem m22 = new JMenuItem("Save as"); m1.add(m11); m1.add(m22); //Creating the panel at bottom and adding components JPanel panel = new JPanel(); // the panel is not visible in output JLabel label = new JLabel("Enter Text"); JTextField tf = new JTextField(10); // accepts upto 10 characters JButton send = new JButton("Send"); JButton reset = new JButton("Reset"); panel.add(label); // Components Added using Flow Layout panel.add(tf); panel.add(send); panel.add(reset); // Text Area at the Center JTextArea ta = new JTextArea(); //Adding Components to the frame. frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, panel); frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.NORTH, mb); frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.CENTER, ta); frame.setVisible(true); >>

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About the JFC and Swing

JFC is short for Java Foundation Classes, which encompass a group of features for building graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and adding rich graphics functionality and interactivity to Java applications. It is defined as containing the features shown in the table below.

Feature	Description
Swing GUI Components	Includes everything from buttons to split panes to tables. Many components are capable of sorting, printing, and drag and drop, to name a few of the supported features.
Pluggable Look-and-Feel Support	The look and feel of Swing applications is pluggable, allowing a choice of look and feel. For example, the same program can use either the Java or the Windows look and feel. Additionally, the Java platform supports the GTK+ look and feel, which makes hundreds of existing look and feels available to Swing programs. Many more look-and-feel packages are available from various sources.
Accessibility API	Enables assistive technologies, such as screen readers and Braille displays, to get information from the user interface.
Java 2D API	Enables developers to easily incorporate high-quality 2D graphics, text, and images in applications and applets. Java 2D includes extensive APIs for generating and sending high-quality output to printing devices.
Internationalization	Allows developers to build applications that can interact with users worldwide in their own languages and cultural conventions. With the input method framework developers can build applications that accept text in languages that use thousands of different characters, such as Japanese, Chinese, or Korean.

This trail concentrates on the Swing components. We help you choose the appropriate components for your GUI, tell you how to use them, and give you the background information you need to use them effectively. We also discuss other features as they apply to Swing components.

Which Swing Packages Should I Use?

The Swing API is powerful, flexible — and immense. The Swing API has 18 public packages:

javax.accessibility	javax.swing.plaf	javax.swing.text
javax.swing	javax.swing.plaf.basic	javax.swing.text.html
javax.swing.border	javax.swing.plaf.metal	javax.swing.text.html.parser
javax.swing.colorchooser	javax.swing.plaf.multi	javax.swing.text.rtf
javax.swing.event	javax.swing.plaf.synth	javax.swing.tree
javax.swing.filechooser	javax.swing.table	javax.swing.undo

Fortunately, most programs use only a small subset of the API. This trail sorts out the API for you, giving you examples of common code and pointing you to methods and classes you’re likely to need. Most of the code in this trail uses only one or two Swing packages:

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