Vs code python env file

Как настроить python для работы в Visual Studio Code

Несмотря на то, что python это очень простой язык программирования (*с точки зрения синтаксиса и семантики), у некоторых возникают сложности на самом первом этапе — запуска созданной программы.

В этой статье я постараюсь максимально подробно описать все шаги для этого процесса. При этом мы будем использовать один из самых популярных IDE (Integrated Development Environment или Встроенная Среда Разработчика) — Visual Studio Code (В дальнейшем VSC).

Откройте VSC и нажмите на: File -> Open Folder (Файл -> Открыть Папку)

Далее необходимо создать новый терминал для запуска ваших программ, а также создания виртуального окружения. Для этого в шапке VSC выберите: Terminal -> New Terminal (Терминал -> Новый Терминал). Либо нажмите сочетание клавиш на клавиатуре: Ctrl + Shift + ` (Тильда)

В терминале вводим операцию: py -m venv env (Если использование py выдаст вам ошибку, то попробуйте вместе этой операции использовать одну из перечисленных: python, python3)

Данная операция создаст новое виртуальное окружение и позволит нам изолировать используемые модули в нашей программе.

Далее активируем виртуальное окружение: env\Scripts\activate

Тут важно использовать именно обратные слэши для операционной системы Windows. На Mac OS операция будет выглядеть следующим образом: source env/bin/activate

Если вы сделали все правильно, то увидите префикс (env) в консоли.

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How to set python environment variables in VS Code?

Solution 3: You can just set the environment variables of your machine using: or set the variable before executing the command. To access this variable later, simply use: Child processes automatically inherit the environment variables of the parent process — no special action on your part is required.

How to set python environment variables in VS Code?

I know how to add arguments for the Python script I want to run. For example, if test.py is my script file and it has one argument like ‘—batch_size’ then I can edit launch.json in VS Code and set «args»: [«—batch_size», «32»]

But I don’t know how to add environmental arguments for Python itself. For example, Python has -m environmental variable , which runs library module as a script. If I want to run python -m torch.distributed.launch test.py —batch_size 32 , what should I edit in VS Code to run the debugger?

UPDATE : Here is my launch.json

-m is not environmental variable. It’s just a regular argument.

To run python -m torch.distributed.launch test.py —batch_size 32 use args «args»: [«-m», «torch.distributes.launch» ,»—batch_size», «32»] Also you need to run python itself instead of running script to pass these args to it ( «program»: «python3» ).

Here you can find more information about launch.json configuration

So if anyone else is still stuck in the problem, I got it to work by replacing «program» with «module» and setting «module» parameter to «torch.distributed.launch» in the launch.json file. The «args» will then be set to [«—nproc_per_node», «2», «$»] . Here I have 2 processes.

You can just set the environment variable s of your machine using:

or set the variable before executing the command.

Using .env Files for Environment Variables in Python, By default load_dotenv will look for the .env file in the current working directory or any parent directories however you can also specify the path if your particular use case requires it be stored elsewhere. from dotenv import load_dotenv from pathlib import Path dotenv_path = Path(‘path/to/.env’) …

How to set environment variables in Python?

I need to set some environment variables in the python script and I want all the other scripts that are called from Python to see the environment variables’ set .

it complains saying that 1 has to be a string.

I also want to know how to read the environment variables in Python (in the latter part of the script) once I set it.

Environment variables must be strings, ****

to set the variable DEBUSSY to the string 1 .

To access this variable later, simply use:

Child processes automatically inherit the environment variables of the parent process — no special action on your part is required.

You may need to consider some further aspects for code robustness;

when you’re storing an integer-valued variable as an environment variable, try

os.environ['DEBUSSY'] = str(myintvariable) 

then for retrieval, consider that to avoid errors, you should try

os.environ.get('DEBUSSY', 'Not Set') 

possibly substitute ‘-1’ for ‘Not Set’

so, to put that all together

myintvariable = 1 os.environ['DEBUSSY'] = str(myintvariable) strauss = int(os.environ.get('STRAUSS', '-1')) # NB KeyError strauss = os.environ['STRAUSS'] debussy = int(os.environ.get('DEBUSSY', '-1')) print "%s %u, %s %u" % ('Strauss', strauss, 'Debussy', debussy) 

os.environ behaves like a python dictionary, so all the common dictionary operations can be performed. In addition to the get and set operations mentioned in the other answers, we can also simply check if a key exists. The keys and values should be stored as strings .

For python 3, dictionaries use the in keyword instead of has_key

>>> import os >>> 'HOME' in os.environ # Check an existing env. variable True . 

>>> import os >>> os.environ.has_key('HOME') # Check an existing env. variable True >>> os.environ.has_key('FOO') # Check for a non existing variable False >>> os.environ['FOO'] = '1' # Set a new env. variable (String value) >>> os.environ.has_key('FOO') True >>> os.environ.get('FOO') # Retrieve the value '1' 

There is one important thing to note about using os.environ :

Although childthe environment from the parent process, I had run into an issue recently and figured out, if you have other scripts updating the environment while your python script is running, calling os.environ again will not reflect the latest values .

This mapping is captured the first time the os module is imported, typically during Python startup as part of processing site.py. Changes to the environment made after this time are not reflected in os.environ , except for changes made by modifying os.environ directly.

os.environ.data which stores all the environment variables, is a dict object, which contains all the environment values:

>>> type(os.environ.data) # changed to _data since v3.2 (refer comment below)

Before using this method please go through Comments Sections

I have been trying to add environment variables. My goal was to store some user information to system variables such that I can use those variables for future solutions, as an alternative to config files. However, the method described in the code below did not help me at all.

import os os.environ["variable_1"] = "value_1" os.environ["variable_2"] = "value_2" # To Verify above code os.environ.get("variable_1") os.environ.get("variable_2") 

This simple code block works well, however, these variables exist inside the respective processes such that you will not find them in the environment variables tab of windows system settings. Pretty much above code did not serve my purpose. This problem is discussed here: variable save problem

Another unsuccessful attempt. So, finally, I managed to save variables successfully inside the window environment register by mimicking the windows shell commands wrapped inside the system class of os package. The following code describes this successful attempt.

os.system("SETX  /M".format(key, value)) 

I hope this will be helpful for some of you.

Python subprocess/Popen with a modified environment, Python subprocess/Popen with a modified environment. I believe that running an external command with a slightly modified environment is a very common case. That’s how I tend to do it: import subprocess, os my_env = os.environ my_env [«PATH»] = «/usr/sbin:/sbin:» + my_env [«PATH»] …

Set environment variable in python script

I have a bash script that sets an environment variable an runs a command

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=my_path sqsub -np $1 /homedir/anotherdir/executable 

Now I want to use python instead of bash, because I want to compute some of the arguments that I am passing to the command.

putenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH", "my_path") 

call("export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=my_path") 

call("sqsub -np " + var1 + "/homedir/anotherdir/executable") 

but always the program gives up because LD_LIBRARY_PATH is not set.

(if I export LD_LIBRARY_PATH before calling the python script everything works, but I would like python to determine the path and set the environment variable to the correct value)

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=my_path sqsub -np $1 /path/to/executable 

import os import subprocess import sys os.environ['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] = "my_path" # visible in this process + all children subprocess.check_call(['sqsub', '-np', sys.argv[1], '/path/to/executable'], env=dict(os.environ, SQSUB_VAR="visible in this subprocess")) 

You can add elements to your environment by using

os.environ['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] = 'my_path' 

and run subprocesses in a shell (that uses your os.environ ) by using

subprocess.call('sqsub -np ' + var1 + '/homedir/anotherdir/executable', shell=True) 

There are many good answers here but you should avoid at all cost to pass untrusted variables to subprocess using shell=True as this is a security risk . The variables can escape to the shell and run arbitrary commands! If you just can’t avoid it at least use python3’s shlex.quote() to escape the string (if you have multiple space-separated arguments, quote each split instead of the full string).

shell=False is always the default where you pass an argument array.

Now the safe solutions.

Method #1

Change your own process’s environment — the new environment will apply to python itself and all subprocesses.

os.environ['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] = 'my_path' command = ['sqsub', '-np', var1, '/homedir/anotherdir/executable'] subprocess.check_call(command) 

Method #2

Make a copy of the environment and pass is to the childen. You have total control over the children environment and won’t affect python’s own environment.

myenv = os.environ.copy() myenv['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] = 'my_path' command = ['sqsub', '-np', var1, '/homedir/anotherdir/executable'] subprocess.check_call(command, env=myenv) 

Method #3

Unix only: Execute env to set the environment variable. More cumbersome if you have many variables to modify and not portabe, but like #2 you retain full control over python and children environments.

command = ['env', 'LD_LIBRARY_PATH=my_path', 'sqsub', '-np', var1, '/homedir/anotherdir/executable'] subprocess.check_call(command) 

Of course if var1 contain multiple space-separated argument they will now be passed as a single argument with spaces. To retain original behavior with shell=True you must compose a command array that contain the splitted string:

command = ['sqsub', '-np'] + var1.split() + ['/homedir/anotherdir/executable'] 

Compact solution (provided you don’t need other environment variables):

subprocess.check_call( 'sqsub -np <> /homedir/anotherdir/executable'.format(var1).split(), env=dict(LD_LIBRARY_PATH=my_path)) 

Using the env command line tool:

subprocess.check_call('env LD_LIBRARY_PATH=my_path sqsub -np <> /homedir/anotherdir/executable'.format(var1).split()) 

Python Variables, A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it. Example x = 5 y = «John» print(x) print(y) Try it Yourself » Variables do not need to be declared with any particular type, and can even change type after they have been set. Example x = 4 # x is of type int x = «Sally» # x is now of type str print(x) Try it Yourself » Casting

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