Use ascii in html

ASCII

ASCII, the acronym for the «American Standard Code for Information Interchange» is the first character-encoding scheme used between computers on the Internet.

Modern character encoding schemes like UTF-8 and ISO-8859 are built on ASCII.

The ASCII Character Set

ASCII Character Set was designed in the ’60s, as a standard character set for computers and hardware devices, such as printers and tape drives.

Originally ASCII is based on the English alphabet, and it’s a 7-bit character set containing 128 characters: the numbers 0-9, uppercase and lowercase English letters from A to Z, some basic punctuation symbols and some special characters.

The character sets used in modern computers, HTML, and Internet are all based on ASCII.

Below, you can find table lists that contain 128 ASCII characters and their equivalent HTML entity codes

ASCII Printable Characters

ASCII Character	HTML Entity Code	Description
	space
!	!	exclamation mark
«	"	quotation mark
#	#	number sign
$	$	dollar sign
%	%	percent sign
&	&	ampersand
‘	'	apostrophe
(	(	left parenthesis
)	)	right parenthesis
*	*	asterisk
+	+	plus sign
,	,	comma
—	-	hyphen
.	.	period
/	/	slash
0	0	digit 0
1	1	digit 1
2	2	digit 2
3	3	digit 3
4	4	digit 4
5	5	digit 5
6	6	digit 6
7	7	digit 7
8	8	digit 8
9	9	digit 9
:	:	colon
;	;	semicolon
	<	less-than
=	=	equals-to
>	>	greater-than
?	?	question mark
@	@	at sign
A	A	uppercase A
B	B	uppercase B
C	C	uppercase C
D	D	uppercase D
E	E	uppercase E
F	F	uppercase F
G	G	uppercase G
H	H	uppercase H
I	I	uppercase I
J	J	uppercase J
K	K	uppercase K
L	L	uppercase L
M	M	uppercase M
N	N	uppercase N
O	O	uppercase O
P	P	uppercase P
Q	Q	uppercase Q
R	R	uppercase R
S	S	uppercase S
T	T	uppercase T
U	U	uppercase U
V	V	uppercase V
W	W	uppercase W
X	X	uppercase X
Y	Y	uppercase Y
Z	Z	uppercase Z
[	[	left square bracket
\	\	backslash
]	]	right square bracket
^	^	caret
_	_	underscore
`	`	grave accent
a	a	lowercase a
b	b	lowercase b
c	c	lowercase c
d	d	lowercase d
e	e	lowercase e
f	f	lowercase f
g	g	lowercase g
h	h	lowercase h
i	i	lowercase i
j	j	lowercase j
k	k	lowercase k
l	l	lowercase l
m	m	lowercase m
n	n	lowercase n
o	o	lowercase o
p	p	lowercase p
q	q	lowercase q
r	r	lowercase r
s	s	lowercase s
t	t	lowercase t
u	u	lowercase u
v	v	lowercase v
w	w	lowercase w
x	x	lowercase x
y	y	lowercase y
z	z	lowercase z
	{	left curly brace
|	|	vertical bar
>	}	right curly brace
~	~	tilde

ASCII Device Control Characters

The ASCII device control characters (except horizontal tab, line feed, and carriage return) have nothing to do inside an HTML document. Originally ASCII control characters (range 00-31, plus 127) were designed to control hardware devices.

ASCII Character	HTML Entity Code	Description
NUL	�	null character
SOH		start of header
STX		start of text
ETX		end of text
EOT		end of transmission
ENQ		enquiry
ACK		acknowledge
BEL		bell (ring)
BS		backspace
HT		horizontal tab
LF		line feed
VT		vertical tab
FF		form feed
CR		carriage return
SO		shift out
SI		shift in
DLE		data link escape
DC1		device control 1
DC2		device control 2
DC3		device control 3
DC4		device control 4
NAK		negative acknowledge
SYN		synchronize
ETB		end transmission block
CAN		cancel
EM		end of medium
SUB		substitute
ESC		escape
FS		file separator
GS		group separator
RS		record separator
US		unit separator
DEL		delete (rubout)

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HTML ASCII Reference

ASCII was the first character set (encoding standard) used between computers on the Internet.

Both ISO-8859-1 (default in HTML 4.01) and UTF-8 (default in HTML5), are built on ASCII.

The ASCII Character Set

ASCII stands for the «American Standard Code for Information Interchange».

It was designed in the early 60’s, as a standard character set for computers and electronic devices.

ASCII is a 7-bit character set containing 128 characters.

It contains the numbers from 0-9, the upper and lower case English letters from A to Z, and some special characters.

The character sets used in modern computers, in HTML, and on the Internet, are all based on ASCII.

The following tables list the 128 ASCII characters and their equivalent number.

ASCII Printable Characters

Char	Number	Description
0 — 31	Control characters (see below)
32	space
!	33	exclamation mark
«	34	quotation mark
#	35	number sign
$	36	dollar sign
%	37	percent sign
&	38	ampersand
‘	39	apostrophe
(	40	left parenthesis
)	41	right parenthesis
*	42	asterisk
+	43	plus sign
,	44	comma
—	45	hyphen
.	46	period
/	47	slash
0	48	digit 0
1	49	digit 1
2	50	digit 2
3	51	digit 3
4	52	digit 4
5	53	digit 5
6	54	digit 6
7	55	digit 7
8	56	digit 8
9	57	digit 9
:	58	colon
;	59	semicolon
	60	less-than
=	61	equals-to
>	62	greater-than
?	63	question mark
@	64	at sign
A	65	uppercase A
B	66	uppercase B
C	67	uppercase C
D	68	uppercase D
E	69	uppercase E
F	70	uppercase F
G	71	uppercase G
H	72	uppercase H
I	73	uppercase I
J	74	uppercase J
K	75	uppercase K
L	76	uppercase L
M	77	uppercase M
N	78	uppercase N
O	79	uppercase O
P	80	uppercase P
Q	81	uppercase Q
R	82	uppercase R
S	83	uppercase S
T	84	uppercase T
U	85	uppercase U
V	86	uppercase V
W	87	uppercase W
X	88	uppercase X
Y	89	uppercase Y
Z	90	uppercase Z
[	91	left square bracket
\	92	backslash
]	93	right square bracket
^	94	caret
_	95	underscore
`	96	grave accent
a	97	lowercase a
b	98	lowercase b
c	99	lowercase c
d	100	lowercase d
e	101	lowercase e
f	102	lowercase f
g	103	lowercase g
h	104	lowercase h
i	105	lowercase i
j	106	lowercase j
k	107	lowercase k
l	108	lowercase l
m	109	lowercase m
n	110	lowercase n
o	111	lowercase o
p	112	lowercase p
q	113	lowercase q
r	114	lowercase r
s	115	lowercase s
t	116	lowercase t
u	117	lowercase u
v	118	lowercase v
w	119	lowercase w
x	120	lowercase x
y	121	lowercase y
z	122	lowercase z
	123	left curly brace
|	124	vertical bar
>	125	right curly brace
~	126	tilde

ASCII Device Control Characters

The ASCII control characters (range 00-31, plus 127) were designed to control hardware devices.

Control characters (except horizontal tab, line feed, and carriage return) have nothing to do inside an HTML document.

Char	Number	Description
NUL	00	null character
SOH	01	start of header
STX	02	start of text
ETX	03	end of text
EOT	04	end of transmission
ENQ	05	enquiry
ACK	06	acknowledge
BEL	07	bell (ring)
BS	08	backspace
HT	09	horizontal tab
LF	10	line feed
VT	11	vertical tab
FF	12	form feed
CR	13	carriage return
SO	14	shift out
SI	15	shift in
DLE	16	data link escape
DC1	17	device control 1
DC2	18	device control 2
DC3	19	device control 3
DC4	20	device control 4
NAK	21	negative acknowledge
SYN	22	synchronize
ETB	23	end transmission block
CAN	24	cancel
EM	25	end of medium
SUB	26	substitute
ESC	27	escape
FS	28	file separator
GS	29	group separator
RS	30	record separator
US	31	unit separator
DEL	127	delete (rubout)

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HTML Character Sets

To display an HTML page correctly, the browser must know what character set (encoding) to use:

Example

HTML Character Sets

The HTML5 specification encourages web developers to use the UTF-8 character set!

This has not always been the case. The character encoding for the early web was ASCII.

Later, from HTML 2.0 to HTML 4.01, ISO-8859-1 was considered as the standard character set.

With XML and HTML5, UTF-8 finally arrived and solved a lot of character encoding problems.

In the Beginning: ASCII

Computer data is stored as binary codes (01000101) in the electronics.

To standardize the storing of text, the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) was created. It defined a unique binary number for each storable character to support the numbers from 0-9, the upper and lower case alphabet (a-z, A-Z), and special characters like ! $ + — ( ) @ < >, .

Since ASCII used 7 bits for the character, it could only represent 128 different characters.

The biggest weakness with ASCII, was that it excluded non English letters.

ASCII is still in use today, especially in large mainframe computer systems.

For a closer look, please study our Complete ASCII Reference.

In Windows: Windows-1252

Windows-1252 was the default character set in Windows, up to Windows 95.

It is an extension to ASCII, with added international characters.

It uses a full byte (8-bits) to represent 256 different characters.

Since Windows-1252 has been the default in Windows, it is supported by all browsers.

In HTML 4: ISO-8859-1

The character set most often used in HTML 4 was ISO-8859-1.

ISO-8859-1 is an extension to ASCII, with added international characters.

Example

In HTML 4, a character set different from ISO-8859-1 can be specified in the tag:

Example

All HTML 4 processors also support UTF-8:

Example

When a browser detects ISO-8859-1 it normally defaults to Windows-1252, because Windows-1252 has 32 more international characters.

In HTML5: Unicode UTF-8

The HTML5 specification encourages web developers to use the UTF-8 character set.

Example

A character-set different from UTF-8 can be specified in the tag:

Example

The Unicode Consortium developed the UTF-8 and UTF-16 standards, because the ISO-8859 character-sets are limited, and not compatible a multilingual environment.

The Unicode Standard covers (almost) all the characters, punctuations, and symbols in the world.

All HTML5 and XML processors support UTF-8, UTF-16, Windows-1252, and ISO-8859.

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