Time zones for php

PHP Timezones

Below is a complete list of the timezones supported by PHP, which are useful with several PHP date functions.

Africa

Africa/Abidjan	Africa/Accra	Africa/Addis_Ababa	Africa/Algiers	Africa/Asmara
Africa/Asmera	Africa/Bamako	Africa/Bangui	Africa/Banjul	Africa/Bissau
Africa/Blantyre	Africa/Brazzaville	Africa/Bujumbura	Africa/Cairo	Africa/Casablanca
Africa/Ceuta	Africa/Conakry	Africa/Dakar	Africa/Dar_es_Salaam	Africa/Djibouti
Africa/Douala	Africa/El_Aaiun	Africa/Freetown	Africa/Gaborone	Africa/Harare
Africa/Johannesburg	Africa/Juba	Africa/Kampala	Africa/Khartoum	Africa/Kigali
Africa/Kinshasa	Africa/Lagos	Africa/Libreville	Africa/Lome	Africa/Luanda
Africa/Lubumbashi	Africa/Lusaka	Africa/Malabo	Africa/Maputo	Africa/Maseru
Africa/Mbabane	Africa/Mogadishu	Africa/Monrovia	Africa/Nairobi	Africa/Ndjamena
Africa/Niamey	Africa/Nouakchott	Africa/Ouagadougou	Africa/Porto-Novo	Africa/Sao_Tome
Africa/Timbuktu	Africa/Tripoli	Africa/Tunis	Africa/Windhoek

America

America/Adak	America/Anchorage	America/Anguilla
America/Antigua	America/Araguaina	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires
America/Argentina/Catamarca	America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia	America/Argentina/Cordoba
America/Argentina/Jujuy	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	America/Argentina/Mendoza
America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos	America/Argentina/Salta	America/Argentina/San_Juan
America/Argentina/San_Luis	America/Argentina/Tucuman	America/Argentina/Ushuaia
America/Aruba	America/Asuncion	America/Atikokan
America/Atka	America/Bahia	America/Bahia_Banderas
America/Barbados	America/Belem	America/Belize
America/Blanc-Sablon	America/Boa_Vista	America/Bogota
America/Boise	America/Buenos_Aires	America/Cambridge_Bay
America/Campo_Grande	America/Cancun	America/Caracas
America/Catamarca	America/Cayenne	America/Cayman
America/Chicago	America/Chihuahua	America/Coral_Harbour
America/Cordoba	America/Costa_Rica	America/Creston
America/Cuiaba	America/Curacao	America/Danmarkshavn
America/Dawson	America/Dawson_Creek	America/Denver
America/Detroit	America/Dominica	America/Edmonton
America/Eirunepe	America/El_Salvador	America/Ensenada
America/Fort_Wayne	America/Fortaleza	America/Glace_Bay
America/Godthab	America/Goose_Bay	America/Grand_Turk
America/Grenada	America/Guadeloupe	America/Guatemala
America/Guayaquil	America/Guyana	America/Halifax
America/Havana	America/Hermosillo	America/Indiana/Indianapolis
America/Indiana/Knox	America/Indiana/Marengo	America/Indiana/Petersburg
America/Indiana/Tell_City	America/Indiana/Vevay	America/Indiana/Vincennes
America/Indiana/Winamac	America/Indianapolis	America/Inuvik
America/Iqaluit	America/Jamaica	America/Jujuy
America/Juneau	America/Kentucky/Louisville	America/Kentucky/Monticello
America/Knox_IN	America/Kralendijk	America/La_Paz
America/Lima	America/Los_Angeles	America/Louisville
America/Lower_Princes	America/Maceio	America/Managua
America/Manaus	America/Marigot	America/Martinique
America/Matamoros	America/Mazatlan	America/Mendoza
America/Menominee	America/Merida	America/Metlakatla
America/Mexico_City	America/Miquelon	America/Moncton
America/Monterrey	America/Montevideo	America/Montreal
America/Montserrat	America/Nassau	America/New_York
America/Nipigon	America/Nome	America/Noronha
America/North_Dakota/Beulah	America/North_Dakota/Center	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem
America/Ojinaga	America/Panama	America/Pangnirtung
America/Paramaribo	America/Phoenix	America/Port-au-Prince
America/Port_of_Spain	America/Porto_Acre	America/Porto_Velho
America/Puerto_Rico	America/Rainy_River	America/Rankin_Inlet
America/Recife	America/Regina	America/Resolute
America/Rio_Branco	America/Rosario	America/Santa_Isabel
America/Santarem	America/Santiago	America/Santo_Domingo
America/Sao_Paulo	America/Scoresbysund	America/Shiprock
America/Sitka	America/St_Barthelemy	America/St_Johns
America/St_Kitts	America/St_Lucia	America/St_Thomas
America/St_Vincent	America/Swift_Current	America/Tegucigalpa
America/Thule	America/Thunder_Bay	America/Tijuana
America/Toronto	America/Tortola	America/Vancouver
America/Virgin	America/Whitehorse	America/Winnipeg
America/Yakutat	America/Yellowknife

Antarctica

Antarctica/Casey	Antarctica/Davis	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Antarctica/Macquarie	Antarctica/Mawson
Antarctica/McMurdo	Antarctica/Palmer	Antarctica/Rothera	Antarctica/South_Pole	Antarctica/Syowa
Antarctica/Vostok

Arctic

Asia

Asia/Aden	Asia/Almaty	Asia/Amman	Asia/Anadyr	Asia/Aqtau
Asia/Aqtobe	Asia/Ashgabat	Asia/Ashkhabad	Asia/Baghdad	Asia/Bahrain
Asia/Baku	Asia/Bangkok	Asia/Beirut	Asia/Bishkek	Asia/Brunei
Asia/Calcutta	Asia/Choibalsan	Asia/Chongqing	Asia/Chungking	Asia/Colombo
Asia/Dacca	Asia/Damascus	Asia/Dhaka	Asia/Dili	Asia/Dubai
Asia/Dushanbe	Asia/Gaza	Asia/Harbin	Asia/Hebron	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh
Asia/Hong_Kong	Asia/Hovd	Asia/Irkutsk	Asia/Istanbul	Asia/Jakarta
Asia/Jayapura	Asia/Jerusalem	Asia/Kabul	Asia/Kamchatka	Asia/Karachi
Asia/Kashgar	Asia/Kathmandu	Asia/Katmandu	Asia/Khandyga	Asia/Kolkata
Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	Asia/Kuching	Asia/Kuwait	Asia/Macao
Asia/Macau	Asia/Magadan	Asia/Makassar	Asia/Manila	Asia/Muscat
Asia/Nicosia	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Asia/Novosibirsk	Asia/Omsk	Asia/Oral
Asia/Phnom_Penh	Asia/Pontianak	Asia/Pyongyang	Asia/Qatar	Asia/Qyzylorda
Asia/Rangoon	Asia/Riyadh	Asia/Saigon	Asia/Sakhalin	Asia/Samarkand
Asia/Seoul	Asia/Shanghai	Asia/Singapore	Asia/Taipei	Asia/Tashkent
Asia/Tbilisi	Asia/Tehran	Asia/Tel_Aviv	Asia/Thimbu	Asia/Thimphu
Asia/Tokyo	Asia/Ujung_Pandang	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Asia/Ulan_Bator	Asia/Urumqi
Asia/Ust-Nera	Asia/Vientiane	Asia/Vladivostok	Asia/Yakutsk	Asia/Yekaterinburg
Asia/Yerevan

Atlantic

Atlantic/Azores	Atlantic/Bermuda	Atlantic/Canary	Atlantic/Cape_Verde	Atlantic/Faeroe
Atlantic/Faroe	Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	Atlantic/Madeira	Atlantic/Reykjavik	Atlantic/South_Georgia
Atlantic/St_Helena	Atlantic/Stanley

Australia

Australia/ACT	Australia/Adelaide	Australia/Brisbane	Australia/Broken_Hill	Australia/Canberra
Australia/Currie	Australia/Darwin	Australia/Eucla	Australia/Hobart	Australia/LHI
Australia/Lindeman	Australia/Lord_Howe	Australia/Melbourne	Australia/North	Australia/NSW
Australia/Perth	Australia/Queensland	Australia/South	Australia/Sydney	Australia/Tasmania
Australia/Victoria	Australia/West	Australia/Yancowinna

Europe

Europe/Amsterdam	Europe/Andorra	Europe/Athens	Europe/Belfast	Europe/Belgrade
Europe/Berlin	Europe/Bratislava	Europe/Brussels	Europe/Bucharest	Europe/Budapest
Europe/Busingen	Europe/Chisinau	Europe/Copenhagen	Europe/Dublin	Europe/Gibraltar
Europe/Guernsey	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Isle_of_Man	Europe/Istanbul	Europe/Jersey
Europe/Kaliningrad	Europe/Kiev	Europe/Lisbon	Europe/Ljubljana	Europe/London
Europe/Luxembourg	Europe/Madrid	Europe/Malta	Europe/Mariehamn	Europe/Minsk
Europe/Monaco	Europe/Moscow	Europe/Nicosia	Europe/Oslo	Europe/Paris
Europe/Podgorica	Europe/Prague	Europe/Riga	Europe/Rome	Europe/Samara
Europe/San_Marino	Europe/Sarajevo	Europe/Simferopol	Europe/Skopje	Europe/Sofia
Europe/Stockholm	Europe/Tallinn	Europe/Tirane	Europe/Tiraspol	Europe/Uzhgorod
Europe/Vaduz	Europe/Vatican	Europe/Vienna	Europe/Vilnius	Europe/Volgograd
Europe/Warsaw	Europe/Zagreb	Europe/Zaporozhye	Europe/Zurich

Indian

Indian/Antananarivo	Indian/Chagos	Indian/Christmas	Indian/Cocos	Indian/Comoro
Indian/Kerguelen	Indian/Mahe	Indian/Maldives	Indian/Mauritius	Indian/Mayotte
Indian/Reunion

Pacific

Pacific/Apia	Pacific/Auckland	Pacific/Chatham	Pacific/Chuuk	Pacific/Easter
Pacific/Efate	Pacific/Enderbury	Pacific/Fakaofo	Pacific/Fiji	Pacific/Funafuti
Pacific/Galapagos	Pacific/Gambier	Pacific/Guadalcanal	Pacific/Guam	Pacific/Honolulu
Pacific/Johnston	Pacific/Kiritimati	Pacific/Kosrae	Pacific/Kwajalein	Pacific/Majuro
Pacific/Marquesas	Pacific/Midway	Pacific/Nauru	Pacific/Niue	Pacific/Norfolk
Pacific/Noumea	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Pacific/Palau	Pacific/Pitcairn	Pacific/Pohnpei
Pacific/Ponape	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Pacific/Rarotonga	Pacific/Saipan	Pacific/Samoa
Pacific/Tahiti	Pacific/Tarawa	Pacific/Tongatapu	Pacific/Truk	Pacific/Wake
Pacific/Wallis	Pacific/Yap

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PHP Timezones- How to Set/Change Timezone, With Examples

This article provides a combined tutorial for the PHP timezone functions, showing how to change the timezone globally or temporarily for a script/object.

Timezones are a huge hassle. If your app has users from around the world, you’ll eventually run into the annoying task of ensuring that date handling works effectively for everyone – including the accuracy of times displayed and the format they are displayed in.

PHP provides several tools to make timezone handling easier, allowing you to set the default timezone for the system, a script, or a specific DateTime object.

PHP DateTime Objects

This article will refer to PHP DateTime objects. These variables contain multiple pieces of information about a given date/time – the time itself and the timezone it is in.

List of Supported Timezones

When setting your timezone, only valid timezone values are allowed (For example, ‘Europe/Amsterdam’). It’s a long list – so rather than reproduce it, here it is in the official PHP docs:

Finding Out What Timezone Will be Used in a PHP Script

To find out what timezone will be used in a script, run the following function anywhere in the script:

date_default_timezone_get()

This function accepts no parameters and will return the timezone used for DateTime objects in the currently running PHP script.

In order of precedence, the timezone to be used is either:

• The timezone set using date_default_timezone_set()
• The timezone is configured in the PHP date.timezone ini option (usually via the php.ini configuration file)
• If neither of the above is properly set, all dates will default to the UTC timezone

echo date_default_timezone_get();

Which will output (obviously with your configured timezone):

Setting the Default Timezone for a Script

The following function will set the timezone for the script it is run in only. It should be used towards the beginning of the script before any DateTime objects are created to be all created with the same default timezone. The syntax is as follows:

date_default_timezone_set ( $timezoneId )

This function accepts a single parameter – a timezone from the list of supported timezones. It would return true if it successfully sets the timezone or false if an invalid timezone was supplied.

date_default_timezone_set('America/Los_Angeles'); echo date_default_timezone_get();

Above, the script’s timezone has been changed, and the change is confirmed using date_default_timezone_get().

The change made by calling this function is not permanent and does not apply to anything outside of the script’s execution.

Setting Timezone for the System Globally in php.ini

If you wish to change the timezone globally in PHP so that the default timezone for all PHP scripts executed on the system is changed, you will need to edit the php.ini file.

Note that it is common for there to be a configuration file for both the CLI (Command Line Interface) and a separate configuration file used by the webserver serving PHP applications (e.g., Apache).

Make sure you change the one you need to change or both. Their location will depend on your system configuration but usually can be found in /etc/php/ on Linux.

date.timezone = "America/Los_Angeles"

You may need to reboot your web server to see the change take effect.

Setting the Timezone for a Specific PHP DateTime Object

Finally, it’s possible to change the timezone for a specific PHP DateTime object.

When created and when otherwise not specified, PHP dates/times are created in the default timezone.

It is possible to specify the timezone while creating a DateTime object by passing it as the second parameter:

$date = new DateTime('2021-01-01', new DateTimeZone('America/Los_Angeles')); echo $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:sP');

It is then possible to change the timezone of an existing DateTime object using the setTimezone() method:

$date->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone('Europe/Amsterdam')); echo $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:sP');

Note that when the timezone is changed, the time is changed – if the time value is 00:00 before the change, it will be different afterward, reflecting the equivalent time in the other timezone.

If you wish to change the timezone but not have the time change stored – check out Carbon PHP below for advanced time handling.

Carbon PHP Makes it Easier

If you are building a complex application, I recommend checking out Carbon.

Carbon extends the PHP DateTime object and provides many tools for handling dates, times, timezones, time differences, converting times from one timezone to another, and more.

It makes life easier and allows you to be more confident that dates/times are being handled correctly for your user, regardless of where they are. Find it at:

Or, if you’re using Laravel – it’s already installed. Laravel has Carbon built-in, and all dates provided through Laravel are already Carbon objects.

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