text-transform

CSS font-variant-caps Property

The font-variant-caps property controls the usage of alternate glyphs for capital letters.

Default value:	normal
Inherited:	yes
Animatable:	no. Read about animatable
Version:	CSS3
JavaScript syntax:	object.style.fontVariantCaps=»small-caps»

Browser Support

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

CSS Syntax

Property Values

Value	Description	Demo
normal	Deactivates the use of alternate glyphs	Demo ❯
small-caps	Displays small capitals	Demo ❯
all-small-caps	Displays small capitals for both upper and lowercase letters	Demo ❯
petite-caps	Displays petite capitals	Demo ❯
all-petite-caps	Displays petite capitals for both upper and lowercase letters	Demo ❯
unicase	Displays a mix of small capitals for uppercase letters with normal lowercase letters	Demo ❯
titling-caps	Displays titling capitals	Demo ❯
initial	Sets this property to its default value. Read about initial
inherit	Inherits this property from its parent element. Read about inherit
unset

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font-variant-caps

The font-variant-caps CSS property controls the use of alternate glyphs for capital letters.

Try it

When a given font includes capital letter glyphs of multiple different sizes, this property selects the most appropriate ones. If petite capital glyphs are not available, they are rendered using small capital glyphs. If these are not present, the browser synthesizes them from the uppercase glyphs.

Fonts sometimes include special glyphs for various caseless characters (such as punctuation marks) to better match the capitalized characters around them. However, small capital glyphs are never synthesized for caseless characters.

Language-specific rules

This property accounts for language-specific case mapping rules. For example:

• In Turkic languages, such as Turkish (tr), Azerbaijani (az), Crimean Tatar (crh), Volga Tatar (tt), and Bashkir (ba), there are two kinds of i (one with the dot, one without) and two case pairings: i / İ and ı / I .
• In German (de), the ß may become ẞ (U+1E9E) in uppercase.
• In Greek (el), vowels lose their accent when the whole word is in uppercase ( ά / Α ), except for the disjunctive eta ( ή / Ή ). Also, diphthongs with an accent on the first vowel lose the accent and gain a diacritic on the second vowel ( άι / ΑΪ ).

Syntax

/* Keyword values */ font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-caps: all-small-caps; font-variant-caps: petite-caps; font-variant-caps: all-petite-caps; font-variant-caps: unicase; font-variant-caps: titling-caps; /* Global values */ font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-caps: initial; font-variant-caps: revert; font-variant-caps: revert-layer; font-variant-caps: unset; 

The font-variant-caps property is specified using a single keyword value from the list below. In each case, if the font doesn’t support the OpenType value, then it synthesizes the glyphs.

Values

Deactivates of the use of alternate glyphs.

Enables display of small capitals (OpenType feature: smcp ). Small-caps glyphs typically use the form of uppercase letters but are reduced to the size of lowercase letters.

Enables display of small capitals for both upper and lowercase letters (OpenType features: c2sc , smcp ).

Enables display of petite capitals (OpenType feature: pcap ).

Enables display of petite capitals for both upper and lowercase letters (OpenType features: c2pc , pcap ).

Enables display of mixture of small capitals for uppercase letters with normal lowercase letters (OpenType feature: unic ).

Enables display of titling capitals (OpenType feature: titl ). Uppercase letter glyphs are often designed for use with lowercase letters. When used in all uppercase titling sequences they can appear too strong. Titling capitals are designed specifically for this situation.

Accessibility concerns

Large sections of text set with a font-variant value of all-small-caps or all-petite-caps may be difficult for people with cognitive concerns such as Dyslexia to read.

Formal definition

Formal syntax

font-variant-caps =
normal |
small-caps |
all-small-caps |
petite-caps |
all-petite-caps |
unicase |
titling-caps

Examples

Setting the small-caps font variant

HTML

p class="small-caps">Firefox rocks, small caps!p> p class="normal">Firefox rocks, normal caps!p> 

CSS

.small-caps  font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-style: italic; > .normal  font-variant-caps: normal; font-style: italic; > 

Result

Specifications

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also

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Источник

text-transform

Управляет преобразованием текста элемента в заглавные или прописные символы. Когда значение отлично от none , регистр исходного текста будет изменен.

Синтаксис

text-transform: capitalize | lowercase | uppercase | none | inherit

Значения

capitalize Первый символ каждого слова в предложении будет заглавным. Остальные символы свой вид не меняют. lowercase Все символы текста становятся строчными (нижний регистр). uppercase Все символы текста становятся прописными (верхний регистр). none Не меняет регистр символов. inherit Наследует значение родителя.

HTML5 CSS2.1 IE Cr Op Sa Fx

       
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
 
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diem nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut lacreet dolore magna aliguam erat volutpat. Ut wisis enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tution ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
  

Результат данного примера показан на рис. 1.

Рис. 1. Применение свойства text-transform

Объектная модель

[window.]document.getElementById(» elementID «).style.textTransform

Браузеры

Internet Explorer до версии 7.0 включительно не поддерживает значение inherit .

Источник

All Caps in CSS — How to Uppercase Text with Style

Dillion Megida

When you’re designing a website or working on a project, you might want to use uppercase text for various reasons. Maybe you want to use an abbreviation or acronym, emphasize certain text, or use it for headings.

There are multiple ways to uppercase text in HTML. The first way is to hardcode the uppercase text in HTML:

The second way is to use the toUpperCase() JavaScript String method and render it on the DOM:

const upper = string.toUpperCase() // then render 

The third way, which we will look at in this article, is using the text-transform CSS property.

How to Use text-transform in CSS

You can use the text-transform CSS property to capitalize text in different forms. This property can modify text to be in uppercase, lowercase, or capitalized (so that each word begins with a capital letter and the remaining characters in the word retain their original form).

To transform text to uppercase in CSS, use the following style declaration:

This styles the text in the selected element to uppercase.

This declaration does not change the content of the DOM. For example, take a look at this HTML code:

On the UI, the text is styled like this:

But in the DOM, the text remains the same like this:

When you copy the text on the browser, the original text «Some text» is copied in some browsers, but in others, the styled version is copied.

Should you Use text-transform in CSS or the Other Methods?

If you’re using uppercase for styling purposes, I recommend using CSS. The reason is there can be inconsistencies in how different browsers and browser tools handle uppercased text.

One inconsistency is the copy-pasting differences I mentioned earlier.

Another inconsistency is that some screen readers interpret the uppercase text as abbreviations. So a text like «SOME TEXT» will be read as «S.O.M.E T.E.X.T», which can affect how a reader understands a message.

Although, it is worth noting that some screen readers also interpret text uppercased with CSS as abbreviations.

However, it is recommended to keep styles as styles. If you want to have uppercase text just for style purposes, use CSS, and have the original text in HTML. But if you’re using uppercase for abbreviations or a specific reason to have uppercased text, you can hardcode that in HTML.

You can refer to this tweet on uppercasing without CSS to see discussions around it.

Dillion Megida

Developer Advocate and Content Creator passionate about sharing my knowledge on Tech. I simplify JavaScript / ReactJS / NodeJS / Frameworks / TypeScript / et al My YT channel: youtube.com/c/deeecode

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