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Runtime Errors in Java [SOLVED]

While working with the programming languages like executing a software program, there are many instances that we run into issues due to the run time errors or compilation errors. All these errors occur when the application is running. You might come across an instance where the application acts differently in a negative way to the requirements, then it means that a runtime error took place.

As it is one of the most common type of error that occurs during a software executive, let us get a deep idea on how to fix common types of runtime errors in Java and also the steps to be taken to resolve them on a timely basis.

Fix the 5 Most Common Types of Runtime Errors in Java

What is a Runtime Error in Java?

A runtime error in Java is referred to as an application error that comes up during the execution process of the program. This runtime error usually takes place when the syntax is corrected as expected while the issue lies during the program execution. All these errors can be detected by JVM – Java Virtual Machine and cannot be identified during the compilation time. Java is one of the most sought-after programming languages for the hiring managers across the world. So become an expert in Java through our Java Training and grab the best job opportunity.

Now, In this post, Let us discuss the top runtime errors in Java.

1. Division by zero errors
2. IO errors
3. Out of range errors
4. Undefined object errors

Differences Between Compile Time Error and Runtime Error in Java

Compile time errors are those errors in which the syntax would be incorrect in the application code. An example would be like missing semicolons, parenthesis, incorrect keywords, usage of undeclared variables, etc.

The Java compiler is capable of detecting the syntax errors during the compile time and the error message will be appearing on the screen. The compiler is also capable of preventing the code from the execution unless and until the error is resolved. Therefore it is important that these errors are addressed by making the necessary changes before the program is successfully executed.

The runtime errors occur during the program execution after the compilation has completed. Any program that is throwing a runtime error means that there are no issues with Syntax in the program.

Why Runtime Error Occurs in Java ?

1. Accessing an element that is out of range in an array
2. Dividing a number with 0
3. Less space or insufficient space memory
4. Conversion of an invalid string into a number
5. Attempting to store an incompatible value to a collection

When you come across such an address, you need to know that the Java compiler will be generating an error message and the program gets terminated abnormally. Runtime errors do not require to be caught explicitly. It is useful if you catch the runtime errors and resolve them to complete the program execution.

Let us review a few of the most common runtime errors in Java programming with examples to gain a deeper understanding.

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How to Solve the Most Common Runtime Errors in Java

A runtime error in Java is an application error that occurs during the execution of a program. A runtime error occurs when a program is syntactically correct but contains an issue that is only detected during program execution. These issues cannot be caught at compile-time by the Java compiler and are only detected by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) when the application is running.

Runtime errors are a category of exception that contains several more specific error types. Some of the most common types of runtime errors are:

• IO errors
• Division by zero errors
• Out of range errors
• Undefined object errors

Runtime Errors vs Compile-Time Errors

Compile-time errors occur when there are syntactical issues present in application code, for example, missing semicolons or parentheses, misspelled keywords or usage of undeclared variables.

These syntax errors are detected by the Java compiler at compile-time and an error message is displayed on the screen. The compiler prevents the code from being executed until the error is fixed. Therefore, these errors must be addressed by debugging before the program can be successfully run.

On the other hand, runtime errors occur during program execution (the interpretation phase), after compilation has taken place. Any code that throws a runtime error is therefore syntactically correct.

Runtime Errors vs Logical Errors

A runtime error could potentially be a legitimate issue in code, for example, incorrectly formatted input data or lack of resources (e.g. insufficient memory or disk space). When a runtime error occurs in Java, the compiler specifies the lines of code where the error is encountered. This information can be used to trace back where the problem originated.

On the other hand, a logical error is always the symptom of a bug in application code leading to incorrect output e.g. subtracting two variables instead of adding them. In case of a logical error, the program operates incorrectly but does not terminate abnormally. Each statement may need to be checked to identify a logical error, which makes it generally harder to debug than a runtime error.

What Causes Runtime Errors in Java

The most common causes of runtime errors in Java are:

• Dividing a number by zero.
• Accessing an element in an array that is out of range.
• Attempting to store an incompatible type value to a collection.
• Passing an invalid argument to a method.
• Attempting to convert an invalid string to a number.
• Insufficient space in memory for thread data.

When any such errors are encountered, the Java compiler generates an error message and terminates the program abnormally. Runtime errors don’t need to be explicitly caught and handled in code. However, it may be useful to catch them and continue program execution.

To handle a runtime error, the code can be placed within a try-catch block and the error can be caught inside the catch block.

Runtime Error Examples

Division by zero error

Here is an example of a java.lang.ArithmeticException , a type of runtime exception, thrown due to division by zero:

public class ArithmeticExceptionExample < public static void main(String[] args) < int a = 10, b = 0; System.out.println("Result: "+ a/b); >>

In this example, an integer a is attempted to be divided by another integer b , whose value is zero, leading to a java.lang.ArithmeticException :

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at ArithmeticExceptionExample.main(ArithmeticExceptionExample.java:4)

Accessing an out of range value in an array

Here is an example of a java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException thrown due to an attempt to access an element in an array that is out of bounds:

public class ValueOutOfRangeErrorExample < public static void main(String[] args) < int arr[] = new int[5]; System.out.println("5th element in array: " + arr[5]); >>

In this example, an array is initialized with 5 elements. An element at position 5 is later attempted to be accessed in the array, which does not exist, leading to a java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException runtime error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 5 at ValueOutOfRangeErrorExample.main(ValueOutOfRangeErrorExample.java:4)

How to Solve Runtime Errors

Runtime errors can be handled in Java using try-catch blocks with the following steps:

• Surround the statements that can throw a runtime error in try-catch blocks.
• Catch the error.
• Depending on the requirements of the application, take necessary action. For example, log the exception with an appropriate message.

To illustrate this, the code in the earlier ArithmeticException example can be updated with the above steps:

public class ArithmeticExceptionExample < public static void main(String[] args) < try < int a = 10, b = 0; System.out.println("Result: " + a/b); >catch (ArithmeticException ae) < System.out.println("Arithmetic Exception: cannot divide by 0"); >System.out.println("Continuing execution. "); > > 

Surrounding the code in try-catch blocks like the above allows the program to continue execution after the exception is encountered:

Arithmetic Exception: cannot divide by 0 Continuing execution…

Runtime errors can be avoided where possible by paying attention to detail and making sure all statements in code are mathematically and logically correct.

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