Remove space with php

PHP trim() – Remove whitespace from string

PHP trim() function is used for removing the white space or other characters from starting and end of a string. Its used for formatting data properly. In some cases unnecessary whitespaces may be there in the beginning or end of a string, we can use this function to remove those blank spaces.

trim() function has an optional parameter for specifying the character to remove.
Its Syntax will be :
trim(string to be trimmed , character to remove );

By default it will remove the following character from the beginning and end of a string

See the sample PHP program using trim function without parameter

Now check the display result source code in browser , we can see

how to remove blank spaces :
how to remove blank spaces:

Here we can see that $data contain whitespaces at the starting and end , and $data1 doesn’t contain those things ( our trim function has removed that )…

By default output in browser we wont feel any difference between these data because browsers will automatically trim the data for output . Thats why we need to check the source code in browser for the real values.

Now we can write another program using trim function with parameter

how to remove blank spaces how:
to remove blank spaces :

Here we have specified “how” as optional parameter with trim function and “how” is removed from the beginning and end of the string.

There is two more trim function available
ltrim() : Left trim only; Will remove only from the beginning of a string ( starting )
rtrim() : Right trim only will remove only from the end of a string

Rest everything is same as trim() function.

See the sample php program with ltrim() function

how to remove blank spaces how:
to remove blank spaces how:

Here we can see that “how” is removed from the beginning of string and “how” at end remains

Now look at the program with rtrim()

how to remove blank spaces how:
how to remove blank spaces :

Here we can see that “how” is removed from end only, the beginning “how” remains in the ouput string .

We can use any of these function for remove the un necessary whitespaces or characters from the end or beginning or from both as per our requirement.
And note trim() = rtrim() + ltrim() in action.

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trim

Optionally, the stripped characters can also be specified using the characters parameter. Simply list all characters that you want to be stripped. With .. you can specify a range of characters.

Return Values

Examples

Example #1 Usage example of trim()

$text = «\t\tThese are a few words 🙂 . » ;
$binary = «\x09Example string\x0A» ;
$hello = «Hello World» ;
var_dump ( $text , $binary , $hello );

$trimmed = trim ( $text );
var_dump ( $trimmed );

$trimmed = trim ( $text , » \t.» );
var_dump ( $trimmed );

$trimmed = trim ( $hello , «Hdle» );
var_dump ( $trimmed );

$trimmed = trim ( $hello , ‘HdWr’ );
var_dump ( $trimmed );

// trim the ASCII control characters at the beginning and end of $binary
// (from 0 to 31 inclusive)
$clean = trim ( $binary , «\x00..\x1F» );
var_dump ( $clean );

The above example will output:

string(32) " These are a few words :) . " string(16) " Example string " string(11) "Hello World" string(28) "These are a few words :) . " string(24) "These are a few words :)" string(5) "o Wor" string(9) "ello Worl" string(14) "Example string"

Example #2 Trimming array values with trim()

$fruit = array( ‘apple’ , ‘banana ‘ , ‘ cranberry ‘ );
var_dump ( $fruit );

array_walk ( $fruit , ‘trim_value’ );
var_dump ( $fruit );

The above example will output:

array(3) < [0]=>string(5) "apple" [1]=> string(7) "banana " [2]=> string(11) " cranberry " > array(3) < [0]=>string(5) "apple" [1]=> string(6) "banana" [2]=> string(9) "cranberry" >

Notes

Note: Possible gotcha: removing middle characters

Because trim() trims characters from the beginning and end of a string , it may be confusing when characters are (or are not) removed from the middle. trim(‘abc’, ‘bad’) removes both ‘a’ and ‘b’ because it trims ‘a’ thus moving ‘b’ to the beginning to also be trimmed. So, this is why it «works» whereas trim(‘abc’, ‘b’) seemingly does not.

See Also

• ltrim() — Strip whitespace (or other characters) from the beginning of a string
• rtrim() — Strip whitespace (or other characters) from the end of a string
• str_replace() — Replace all occurrences of the search string with the replacement string

User Contributed Notes 2 notes

note there is a behaviour change in php 8

You used to be able to say:
$p1 = trim($_POST[‘p1’]);
This will now throw deprecated warnings if parameter p1 is not set. It is better to say:
$p1 = trim($_POST[‘p1’]??»);
or
$p1 = isset($_POST[‘p1’]) ? trim($_POST[‘p1’]) : null;
or
$p1 = isset($_POST[‘p1’]) ? trim($_POST[‘p1’]) : »;

Note that trim() is not aware of Unicode points that represent whitespace (e.g., in the General Punctuation block), except, of course, for the ones mentioned in this page.

There is no Unicode-specific trim function in PHP at the time of writing (July 2023), but you can try some examples of trims using multibyte strings posted on the comments for the mbstring extension: https://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.mbstring.php

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PHP trim() Function

Remove characters from both sides of a string («He» in «Hello» and «d!» in «World»):

Definition and Usage

The trim() function removes whitespace and other predefined characters from both sides of a string.

• ltrim() — Removes whitespace or other predefined characters from the left side of a string
• rtrim() — Removes whitespace or other predefined characters from the right side of a string

Syntax

Parameter Values

• «\0» — NULL
• «\t» — tab
• «\n» — new line
• «\x0B» — vertical tab
• «\r» — carriage return
• » » — ordinary white space

Technical Details

Return Value:	Returns the modified string
PHP Version:	4+
Changelog:	The charlist parameter was added in PHP 4.1

More Examples

Example

Remove whitespaces from both sides of a string:

The HTML output of the code above will be (View Source):

Without trim: Hello World!
With trim: Hello World!

The browser output of the code above will be:

Example

Remove newlines (\n) from both sides of the string:

$str = «\n\n\nHello World!\n\n\n»;
echo «Without trim: » . $str;
echo «
«;
echo «With trim: » . trim($str);
?>

The HTML output of the code above will be (View Source):

The browser output of the code above will be:

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How to remove all spaces from a String in PHP

Given that you have a string of text in PHP and the task at hand is to remove spaces from it, this article explains through simple steps, the different ways in which you can achieve it. In it, I will demonstrate with aid of multiple examples.

• Removing spaces at the ends of the string.
• Removing all the regular spaces from a string.
• Removing all the white spaces from a string.

But before we explore each of the above, it is important to note that not all spaces are the same. There are different types of spaces that can be present in strings, most of which are written as escape sequences. Let’s have a look at them in the table below.

Removing spaces at the ends of the string

Spaces at the beginning or at the end of strings are in most cases added by mistake without even noticing and may result in errors while dealing with strings in your program.

For instance, a typing error may result in two strings, «hello world» and » hello world». It may seem nothing of a big deal but these strings are two totally different things. If you were to do a comparison between the two using either the equal operator == or the identical operator === , you would notice that they are treated as two totally different strings due to the leading space for the second string.

The strings are different

These spaces before and after the string are prone to originate with user inputs in forms. For instance, in registration or login forms, users may add spaces before or after their names, email, phone, etc, even without noticing which may result in errors.

It is therefore advisable to trim these inputs before saving them in the database or using them for comparison.

To remove these spaces, we can use the PHP trim() , ltrim() or rtrim() functions.

The trim() function removes whitespace and any other predefined characters from both ends of a string.

Syntax

Parameters

Example

"; echo "Length after trim: $length2"; 

Initial string length: 14
Length after trim: 12

Initially, we had the string with a space at the beginning, and another at the end. We then trimmed it and removed the two spaces. Since if we were to print/echo the string before and after trimming on the screen, you wouldn’t easily notice the difference, I have used the string length as the way of confirmation.

Initially, our string had a length of 14 characters. After removing the two spaces and checking the length again, you will notice that it has been reduced 2 characters after trimming.

Example 2

"; echo "String2 length: $length2"; 

String1 length: 14
String2 length: 12

In this example we have specified in the second parameter that we want to remove the » » and «\t» characters.

The ltrim() and rtrim() functions are the same to the trim() function, only that they specify one specific side in which the trim should happen instead of both ends.

ltrim() — Removes whitespace or other predefined characters from the left side of a string.

rtrim() — Removes whitespace or other predefined characters from the right side of a string.

Removing all the regular spaces.

To remove all the spaces in between words or characters in a string to remain with a compact block of text, use the str_replace() function.

The str_replace() function is an inbuilt PHP function used to replace all the occurrences of some characters with other characters in a string.

Syntax

Parameters

All we have to do is use the function to replace all the instances of regular space ( » » ) with an empty string «» .

Example

This method is best for regular spaces. These are spaces that appear regularly in between words in a string (ie. » «), inserted by pressing the keyboard space bar.

To remove all whitespaces, it’s advisable to use the preg_replace() function as covered below.

Removing all the whitespace characters.

Regular space is different from whitespace. While regular space is just the ordinary space » » , whitespace comprise of all types of spaces including regular space, tabs, newlines, etc, as listed in the space characters’ table.

The str_replace() function is the best for removal for just regular spaces. On the other hand, preg_replace() function is the best for removing all whitespace in a string.

The preg_replace() function replaces all matches of a pattern or list of patterns within a string with substrings.

Syntax

preg_replace(pattern, replacement, input, limit, count)

Parameters

The pattern comprises of the word or character to be replaced enclosed within an opening and closing forward slash /word, phrase, or character/ .

In our case, we use \s character as the value in the pattern parameter and an empty string «» as the replacement.

But why «\s» and not anything else, you may wonder. \s is the escape sequence for space and whitespace characters. It matches any whitespace character and is equivalent to [ \t\n\r\f\v] or [[:space:]].

Therefore, our pattern becomes «/\s/«.

Example

A string with different types of whitespace.

My name is John.
I love programming.

I like programming in PHP.

In the above example, \t represents the tab character, whereas \n represents the newline character.

Example 2

Removing all the white space with preg_replace() function.

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