Python is object oriented or not

Is Python an Object-Oriented Programming Language? Explained with Examples.

Want to know if Python is an object-oriented programming language? Read this article to learn about Python’s OOP approach, encapsulation, and code examples.

• Introduction
• Python is an Object-Oriented Programming Language
• Everything in Python is an Object
• Creating and Using Classes and Objects in Python is Easy
• Python also Supports Procedural Programming
• OOP is a Programming Paradigm that Uses Objects and Classes
• Java Programmers may Struggle with Python’s Approach to OOP
• Python is Not a Pure OOP Language as it Does Not Support Encapsulation
• Python Supports All the Concepts of OOP but Can also be Written Without Creating Classes
• Other helpful code examples for «Is Python an Object-Oriented Programming Language?
• Conclusion
• Is Python object-oriented program language?
• Is Python object-oriented or procedural?
• Why is Python not OOP?
• Why is Python pure object-oriented?

Introduction

Python is a popular and versatile programming language that is widely used for web development, scientific computing, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and many other applications. One of the key features of Python is its support for object-oriented programming (OOP), which allows programmers to create reusable and modular code using classes and objects. In this article, we will explore whether Python is truly an object-oriented programming language or not, and provide examples to illustrate its OOP approach.

Python is an Object-Oriented Programming Language

Before we dive into the specifics of Python’s OOP approach, let’s first define what we mean by object-oriented programming. OOP is a programming paradigm that uses objects, which are instances of classes, to represent and manipulate data and behavior. An object is a self-contained entity that encapsulates data and behavior, and communicates with other objects through methods, which are functions that belong to the object.

Python is indeed an object-oriented programming language, as it supports the creation and manipulation of objects and classes. In Python, a class is a blueprint for creating objects, which can have attributes (variables) and methods (functions). Here is an example of how to create a class in Python:

class Car: def __init__(self, make, model, year): self.make = make self.model = model self.year = year def start(self): print(f"  () started.")my_car = Car("Toyota", "Corolla", 2021) my_car.start() 

In this example, we define a Car class with three attributes ( make , model , and year ) and one method ( start ). We then create an instance of the Car class called my_car , and call its start method, which prints a message indicating that the car has started.

Everything in Python is an Object

In addition to supporting the creation of custom objects and classes, Python also treats everything as an object, including built-in types such as integers, strings, and lists. This means that we can use the same syntax and operations to manipulate both custom and built-in objects.

For example, we can use the dir function to list all the attributes and methods of an object, including built-in types:

This will output a list of all the attributes and methods of the int object, including __add__ , __eq__ , __str__ , and many others.

Creating and Using Classes and Objects in Python is Easy

One of the advantages of Python’s OOP approach is how easy it is to create and use classes and objects. Let’s walk through an example of how to create a class and object in Python:

class Rectangle: def __init__(self, width, height): self.width = width self.height = height def area(self): return self.width * self.heightmy_rectangle = Rectangle(5, 10) print(my_rectangle.area()) 

In this example, we define a Rectangle class with two attributes ( width and height ) and one method ( area ). We then create an instance of the Rectangle class called my_rectangle , with a width of 5 and a height of 10. We finally call the area method of my_rectangle , which returns the area of the rectangle (50).

Python also Supports Procedural Programming

While Python is primarily an object-oriented programming language, it also supports other programming paradigms, such as procedural programming. Procedural programming is a programming paradigm that uses procedures, or subroutines, to structure a program into reusable pieces of code.

Here is an example of a procedural program in Python:

def greet(name): print(f"Hello, !")greet("Alice") 

In this example, we define a greet function that takes a name as an argument and prints a greeting message. We then call the greet function with the name “Alice”, which prints the message “Hello, Alice!”.

OOP is a Programming Paradigm that Uses Objects and Classes

As we mentioned earlier, OOP is a programming paradigm that uses objects and classes to represent and manipulate data and behavior. In OOP, objects are instances of classes, which define the attributes and methods of the objects. OOP provides several benefits, such as code reuse, modularity, and encapsulation.

In Python, we can use OOP to create reusable and modular code, as well as to take advantage of Python’s built-in objects and classes. Here is a comparison of OOP and procedural programming:

OOP	Procedural Programming
Uses objects and classes to represent and manipulate data and behavior.	Uses procedures, or subroutines, to structure a program into reusable pieces of code.
Provides code reuse, modularity, and encapsulation.	Often requires duplicating code or passing data between functions.

Java Programmers may Struggle with Python’s Approach to OOP

If you are coming from a Java programming background, you may find Python’s approach to OOP to be different and sometimes confusing. In Java, for example, everything must be contained within a class, and access to class members is controlled by access modifiers such as public , private , and protected .

In Python, on the other hand, everything is an object, and there is no need to define a class for every piece of code. This can make it easier to write and read Python code, but may also make it harder to understand and maintain for Java programmers who are used to a more structured approach to OOP.

Here is an example that illustrates the difference in OOP approach between Java and Python:

// Java public class Person < private String name; private int age; public Person(String name, int age) < this.name = name; this.age = age; >public String getName() < return name; >public int getAge() < return age; >public void setName(String name) < this.name = name; >public void setAge(int age) < this.age = age; >># Python class Person: def __init__(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age def get_name(self): return self.name def get_age(self): return self.age def set_name(self, name): self.name = name def set_age(self, age): self.age = age 

In this example, we define a Person class in both Java and Python, with the same attributes ( name and age ) and methods ( get_name , get_age , set_name , and set_age ). However, the syntax and approach to OOP is different between the two languages.

Python is Not a Pure OOP Language as it Does Not Support Encapsulation

One of the key principles of OOP is encapsulation, which is the practice of hiding the internal details of an object and providing a public interface for interacting with it. Encapsulation helps to reduce complexity, increase modularity, and improve code maintainability and scalability.

Python, however, does not fully support encapsulation, as there is no way to enforce access control on class members. In Python, all class members are public by default, which means that they can be accessed and modified from outside the class.

Here is an example that illustrates the lack of encapsulation in Python:

class BankAccount: def __init__(self, balance): self.balance = balance def deposit(self, amount): self.balance += amount def withdraw(self, amount): self.balance -= amountmy_account = BankAccount(1000) my_account.balance += 1000000 

In this example, we define a BankAccount class with a balance attribute and two methods ( deposit and withdraw ). We then create an instance of the BankAccount class called my_account , with a starting balance of 1000. Finally, we modify the balance attribute of my_account directly, which is not a good practice as it violates encapsulation.

Python Supports All the Concepts of OOP but Can also be Written Without Creating Classes

Despite the lack of encapsulation, Python still supports all the concepts of OOP, such as inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Python’s flexibility in OOP approach also means that you can write Python code without creating classes, using functions and modules instead.

Here is an example of Python code without classes:

def greet(name): print(f"Hello, !")greet("Alice") 

This is the same example of a procedural program we saw earlier, but written without using a class.

Other helpful code examples for «Is Python an Object-Oriented Programming Language?

In Python case in point, is python object oriented language code example

yes. it is both functional and object oriented

In Python , for instance, object oriented programming python code example

# ---------------------------------------- Object Oriented Programming ------------------------------------- # # It Is Based On Three Pillars = \ Encapsulation = ( self ) / - \ Inheritance / - \ Polymorphism / # Constructor ==> __init__(self) / self \=> Default Parameter // Self Can Be Named AnyThing You Need \\ # / Like The Real Class And You Putted Inside Her Somethings Like = ( Constructor, Methods, Attributes ) \ # print( classname.__class__ ) ==> / If You Need To Know THe Class Follow What ? \ # If You Wanna Run The Class You Need To Call Her In Variable = ( x = ClassName \n x.Thing ) # Inheritance ==> / If You Have Class In Your Project And You Wanna Put In Something # You Create The New Class And Give Her The Class Name You Need As A Parameter \ # Polymorphism Take The Same Elements From The Inheritance But Do Something Deference Or Any Some Like # ==> + Between The Numbers Do Addition But Between Strings Do Concatenation # super() ==> If You Need Inheriting A Constructor From Another Class :- # You Need Use super() Method / :- # You Type InSide Your Class Under You //> __Init__( self, What You Need Inheriting From Old Class ) : # super( Your Class, self ).__init__( What You Need Inheriting From Old Class, And Your New Additions ) : # If you Need Addition Something Like : # print( "Hello, Im From 'Super'" ) # Inheriting From Class Or More :- # If We Have 4 Class A,B,C,D # A Inside Her Function Do ==> ( "Doing From 'A'" ) # B Inheriting From A # C Inside Her Function Do ==> ( "Doing From 'C'" ) # D Inheriting From B,A # If We Run The Function Inside D Will Print ==> Doing From 'A' # Because He Start From 'B' Because 'B' The First Class 'D' Inheriting From, After This Go # To 'A' // Because 'B' Inheriting From 'A' \ Will Print => Doing From 'A' / # If If He Does Not Find Anything In 'A' # He Back And Go To 'C' # If You Need Know The Way Just Type ==> print( TheClassName.mro() )

Conclusion

In conclusion, Python is indeed an object-oriented programming language, as it supports the creation and manipulation of objects and classes. However, Python is not a pure OOP language as it does not fully support encapsulation. Python’s flexibility in OOP approach means that you can write Python code without creating classes, using functions and modules instead. Understanding Python’s OOP approach is important if you want to write reusable and modular code in Python, and take advantage of Python’s built-in objects and classes.

Источник