Python for break example

How To Use Break, Continue, and Pass Statements when Working with Loops in Python 3

Using for loops and while loops in Python allow you to automate and repeat tasks in an efficient manner.

But sometimes, an external factor may influence the way your program runs. When this occurs, you may want your program to exit a loop completely, skip part of a loop before continuing, or ignore that external factor. You can do these actions with break , continue , and pass statements.

Prerequisites

You should have Python 3 installed and a programming environment set up on your computer or server. If you don’t have a programming environment set up, you can refer to the installation and setup guides for a local programming environment or for a programming environment on your server appropriate for your operating system (Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, etc.)

Break Statement

In Python, the break statement provides you with the opportunity to exit out of a loop when an external condition is triggered. You’ll put the break statement within the block of code under your loop statement, usually after a conditional if statement.

Info: To follow along with the example code in this tutorial, open a Python interactive shell on your local system by running the python3 command. Then you can copy, paste, or edit the examples by adding them after the >>> prompt.

Let’s look at an example that uses the break statement in a for loop:

number = 0 for number in range(10): if number == 5: break # break here print('Number is ' + str(number)) print('Out of loop') 

In this small program, the variable number is initialized at 0. Then a for statement constructs the loop as long as the variable number is less than 10.

Within the for loop, there is an if statement that presents the condition that if the variable number is equivalent to the integer 5, then the loop will break.

Within the loop is also a print() statement that will execute with each iteration of the for loop until the loop breaks, since it is after the break statement.

To know when we are out of the loop, we have included a final print() statement outside of the for loop.

When we run this code, our output will be the following:

Output
Number is 0 Number is 1 Number is 2 Number is 3 Number is 4 Out of loop 

This shows that once the integer number is evaluated as equivalent to 5, the loop breaks, as the program is told to do so with the break statement.

The break statement causes a program to break out of a loop.

Continue Statement

The continue statement gives you the option to skip over the part of a loop where an external condition is triggered, but to go on to complete the rest of the loop. That is, the current iteration of the loop will be disrupted, but the program will return to the top of the loop.

The continue statement will be within the block of code under the loop statement, usually after a conditional if statement.

Using the same for loop program as in the Break Statement section above, we’ll use a continue statement rather than a break statement:

number = 0 for number in range(10): if number == 5: continue # continue here print('Number is ' + str(number)) print('Out of loop') 

The difference in using the continue statement rather than a break statement is that our code will continue despite the disruption when the variable number is evaluated as equivalent to 5. Let’s review our output:

Output
Number is 0 Number is 1 Number is 2 Number is 3 Number is 4 Number is 6 Number is 7 Number is 8 Number is 9 Out of loop 

Here, Number is 5 never occurs in the output, but the loop continues after that point to print lines for the numbers 6–10 before leaving the loop.

You can use the continue statement to avoid deeply nested conditional code, or to optimize a loop by eliminating frequently occurring cases that you would like to reject.

The continue statement causes a program to skip certain factors that come up within a loop, but then continue through the rest of the loop.

Pass Statement

When an external condition is triggered, the pass statement allows you to handle the condition without the loop being impacted in any way; all of the code will continue to be read unless a break or other statement occurs.

As with the other statements, the pass statement will be within the block of code under the loop statement, typically after a conditional if statement.

Using the same code block as above, let’s replace the break or continue statement with a pass statement:

number = 0 for number in range(10): if number == 5: pass # pass here print('Number is ' + str(number)) print('Out of loop') 

The pass statement occurring after the if conditional statement is telling the program to continue to run the loop and ignore the fact that the variable number evaluates as equivalent to 5 during one of its iterations.

We’ll run the program and consider the output:

Output
Number is 0 Number is 1 Number is 2 Number is 3 Number is 4 Number is 5 Number is 6 Number is 7 Number is 8 Number is 9 Out of loop 

By using the pass statement in this program, we notice that the program runs exactly as it would if there were no conditional statement in the program. The pass statement tells the program to disregard that condition and continue to run the program as usual.

The pass statement can create minimal classes, or act as a placeholder when working on new code and thinking on an algorithmic level before hammering out details.

Conclusion

The break , continue , and pass statements in Python will allow you to use for loops and while loops more effectively in your code.

To work more with break and pass statements, you can follow our project tutorial “How To Create a Twitterbot with Python 3 and the Tweepy Library.”

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Tutorial Series: How To Code in Python

Introduction

Python is a flexible and versatile programming language that can be leveraged for many use cases, with strengths in scripting, automation, data analysis, machine learning, and back-end development. It is a great tool for both new learners and experienced developers alike.

Prerequisites

You should have Python 3 installed and a programming environment set up on your computer or server. If you don’t have a programming environment set up, you can refer to the installation and setup guides for a local programming environment or for a programming environment on your server appropriate for your operating system (Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, etc.)

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Python break and continue

The break statement is used to terminate the loop immediately when it is encountered.

The syntax of the break statement is:

Working of Python break Statement

The working of break statement in for loop and while loop is shown above.

Python break Statement with for Loop

We can use the break statement with the for loop to terminate the loop when a certain condition is met. For example,

for i in range(5): if i == 3: break print(i)

In the above example, we have used the for loop to print the value of i . Notice the use of the break statement,

Here, when i is equal to 3, the break statement terminates the loop. Hence, the output doesn’t include values after 2.

Note: The break statement is almost always used with decision-making statements.

Python break Statement with while Loop

We can also terminate the while loop using the break statement. For example,

# program to find first 5 multiples of 6 i = 1 while i = 5: break i = i + 1

6 * 1 = 6 6 * 2 = 12 6 * 3 = 18 6 * 4 = 24 6 * 5 = 30

In the above example, we have used the while loop to find the first 5 multiples of 6. Here notice the line,

This means when i is greater than or equal to 5, the while loop is terminated.

Python continue Statement

The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration of the loop and the control flow of the program goes to the next iteration.

The syntax of the continue statement is:

Working of Python continue Statement

The working of the continue statement in for and while loop is shown above.

Python continue Statement with for Loop

We can use the continue statement with the for loop to skip the current iteration of the loop. Then the control of the program jumps to the next iteration. For example,

for i in range(5): if i == 3: continue print(i)

In the above example, we have used the for loop to print the value of i . Notice the use of the continue statement,

Here, when i is equal to 3, the continue statement is executed. Hence, the value 3 is not printed to the output.

Python continue Statement with while Loop

In Python, we can also skip the current iteration of the while loop using the continue statement. For example,

# program to print odd numbers from 1 to 10 num = 0 while num < 10: num += 1 if (num % 2) == 0: continue print(num)

In the above example, we have used the while loop to print the odd numbers between 1 to 10. Notice the line,

Here, when the number is even, the continue statement skips the current iteration and starts the next iteration.

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