Python console pip install

Installing Python Modules¶

As a popular open source development project, Python has an active supporting community of contributors and users that also make their software available for other Python developers to use under open source license terms.

This allows Python users to share and collaborate effectively, benefiting from the solutions others have already created to common (and sometimes even rare!) problems, as well as potentially contributing their own solutions to the common pool.

This guide covers the installation part of the process. For a guide to creating and sharing your own Python projects, refer to the distribution guide .

For corporate and other institutional users, be aware that many organisations have their own policies around using and contributing to open source software. Please take such policies into account when making use of the distribution and installation tools provided with Python.

Key terms¶

• pip is the preferred installer program. Starting with Python 3.4, it is included by default with the Python binary installers.
• A virtual environment is a semi-isolated Python environment that allows packages to be installed for use by a particular application, rather than being installed system wide.
• venv is the standard tool for creating virtual environments, and has been part of Python since Python 3.3. Starting with Python 3.4, it defaults to installing pip into all created virtual environments.
• virtualenv is a third party alternative (and predecessor) to venv . It allows virtual environments to be used on versions of Python prior to 3.4, which either don’t provide venv at all, or aren’t able to automatically install pip into created environments.
• The Python Package Index is a public repository of open source licensed packages made available for use by other Python users.
• the Python Packaging Authority is the group of developers and documentation authors responsible for the maintenance and evolution of the standard packaging tools and the associated metadata and file format standards. They maintain a variety of tools, documentation, and issue trackers on both GitHub and Bitbucket.
• distutils is the original build and distribution system first added to the Python standard library in 1998. While direct use of distutils is being phased out, it still laid the foundation for the current packaging and distribution infrastructure, and it not only remains part of the standard library, but its name lives on in other ways (such as the name of the mailing list used to coordinate Python packaging standards development).

Changed in version 3.5: The use of venv is now recommended for creating virtual environments.

Basic usage¶

The standard packaging tools are all designed to be used from the command line.

The following command will install the latest version of a module and its dependencies from the Python Package Index:

python -m pip install SomePackage

For POSIX users (including macOS and Linux users), the examples in this guide assume the use of a virtual environment .

For Windows users, the examples in this guide assume that the option to adjust the system PATH environment variable was selected when installing Python.

It’s also possible to specify an exact or minimum version directly on the command line. When using comparator operators such as > , < or some other special character which get interpreted by shell, the package name and the version should be enclosed within double quotes:

python -m pip install SomePackage==1.0.4 # specific version python -m pip install "SomePackage>=1.0.4" # minimum version

Normally, if a suitable module is already installed, attempting to install it again will have no effect. Upgrading existing modules must be requested explicitly:

python -m pip install --upgrade SomePackage

More information and resources regarding pip and its capabilities can be found in the Python Packaging User Guide.

Creation of virtual environments is done through the venv module. Installing packages into an active virtual environment uses the commands shown above.

How do I …?¶

These are quick answers or links for some common tasks.

… install pip in versions of Python prior to Python 3.4?¶

Python only started bundling pip with Python 3.4. For earlier versions, pip needs to be “bootstrapped” as described in the Python Packaging User Guide.

… install packages just for the current user?¶

Passing the —user option to python -m pip install will install a package just for the current user, rather than for all users of the system.

… install scientific Python packages?¶

A number of scientific Python packages have complex binary dependencies, and aren’t currently easy to install using pip directly. At this point in time, it will often be easier for users to install these packages by other means rather than attempting to install them with pip .

… work with multiple versions of Python installed in parallel?¶

On Linux, macOS, and other POSIX systems, use the versioned Python commands in combination with the -m switch to run the appropriate copy of pip :

python2 -m pip install SomePackage # default Python 2 python2.7 -m pip install SomePackage # specifically Python 2.7 python3 -m pip install SomePackage # default Python 3 python3.4 -m pip install SomePackage # specifically Python 3.4

Appropriately versioned pip commands may also be available.

On Windows, use the py Python launcher in combination with the -m switch:

py -2 -m pip install SomePackage # default Python 2 py -2.7 -m pip install SomePackage # specifically Python 2.7 py -3 -m pip install SomePackage # default Python 3 py -3.4 -m pip install SomePackage # specifically Python 3.4

Common installation issues¶

Installing into the system Python on Linux¶

On Linux systems, a Python installation will typically be included as part of the distribution. Installing into this Python installation requires root access to the system, and may interfere with the operation of the system package manager and other components of the system if a component is unexpectedly upgraded using pip .

On such systems, it is often better to use a virtual environment or a per-user installation when installing packages with pip .

Pip not installed¶

It is possible that pip does not get installed by default. One potential fix is:

python -m ensurepip --default-pip

There are also additional resources for installing pip.

Installing binary extensions¶

Python has typically relied heavily on source based distribution, with end users being expected to compile extension modules from source as part of the installation process.

With the introduction of support for the binary wheel format, and the ability to publish wheels for at least Windows and macOS through the Python Package Index, this problem is expected to diminish over time, as users are more regularly able to install pre-built extensions rather than needing to build them themselves.

Some of the solutions for installing scientific software that are not yet available as pre-built wheel files may also help with obtaining other binary extensions without needing to build them locally.

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Getting Started#

As a first step, you should check that you have a working Python with pip installed. This can be done by running the following commands and making sure that the output looks similar.

$ python --version Python 3.N.N $ python -m pip --version pip X.Y.Z from . (python 3.N.N) 

$ python --version Python 3.N.N $ python -m pip --version pip X.Y.Z from . (python 3.N.N) 

C:> py --version Python 3.N.N C:> py -m pip --version pip X.Y.Z from . (python 3.N.N) 

If that worked, congratulations! You have a working pip in your environment. If you got output that does not look like the sample above, please read the Installation page. It provides guidance on how to install pip within a Python environment that doesn’t have it.

Common tasks#

Install a package#

$ python -m pip install sampleproject [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

$ python -m pip install sampleproject [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

C:> py -m pip install sampleproject [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

By default, pip will fetch packages from Python Package Index, a repository of software for the Python programming language where anyone can upload packages.

Install a package from GitHub#

$ python -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

$ python -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

C:> py -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

Install a package from a distribution file#

$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject $ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject $ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

C:> py -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject C:> py -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

Install multiple packages using a requirements file#

Many Python projects use requirements.txt files, to specify the list of packages that need to be installed for the project to run. To install the packages listed in that file, you can run:

$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

C:> py -m pip install -r requirements.txt [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

Upgrade a package#

$ python -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

$ python -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

C:> py -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

Uninstall a package#

$ python -m pip uninstall sampleproject Uninstalling sampleproject: [. ] Proceed (Y/n)? y Successfully uninstalled sampleproject 

$ python -m pip uninstall sampleproject Uninstalling sampleproject: [. ] Proceed (Y/n)? y Successfully uninstalled sampleproject 

C:> py -m pip uninstall sampleproject Uninstalling sampleproject: [. ] Proceed (Y/n)? y Successfully uninstalled sampleproject 

Next Steps#

It is recommended to learn about what virtual environments are and how to use them. This is covered in the Installing Packages tutorial on packaging.python.org.

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