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Python 3 new features

What’s New in Python¶

The “What’s New in Python” series of essays takes tours through the most important changes between major Python versions. They are a “must read” for anyone wishing to stay up-to-date after a new release.

  • What’s New In Python 3.11
    • Summary – Release highlights
    • New Features
    • New Features Related to Type Hints
    • Other Language Changes
    • Other CPython Implementation Changes
    • New Modules
    • Improved Modules
    • Optimizations
    • Faster CPython
    • CPython bytecode changes
    • Deprecated
    • Pending Removal in Python 3.12
    • Removed
    • Porting to Python 3.11
    • Build Changes
    • C API Changes
    • Notable Changes in 3.11.4
    • Summary – Release highlights
    • New Features
    • New Features Related to Type Hints
    • Other Language Changes
    • New Modules
    • Improved Modules
    • Optimizations
    • Deprecated
    • Removed
    • Porting to Python 3.10
    • CPython bytecode changes
    • Build Changes
    • C API Changes
    • Summary – Release highlights
    • You should check for DeprecationWarning in your code
    • New Features
    • Other Language Changes
    • New Modules
    • Improved Modules
    • Optimizations
    • Deprecated
    • Removed
    • Porting to Python 3.9
    • Build Changes
    • C API Changes
    • Notable changes in Python 3.9.1
    • Notable changes in Python 3.9.2
    • Summary – Release highlights
    • New Features
    • Other Language Changes
    • New Modules
    • Improved Modules
    • Optimizations
    • Build and C API Changes
    • Deprecated
    • API and Feature Removals
    • Porting to Python 3.8
    • Notable changes in Python 3.8.1
    • Notable changes in Python 3.8.8
    • Notable changes in Python 3.8.12
    • Summary – Release Highlights
    • New Features
    • Other Language Changes
    • New Modules
    • Improved Modules
    • C API Changes
    • Build Changes
    • Optimizations
    • Other CPython Implementation Changes
    • Deprecated Python Behavior
    • Deprecated Python modules, functions and methods
    • Deprecated functions and types of the C API
    • Platform Support Removals
    • API and Feature Removals
    • Module Removals
    • Windows-only Changes
    • Porting to Python 3.7
    • Notable changes in Python 3.7.1
    • Notable changes in Python 3.7.2
    • Notable changes in Python 3.7.6
    • Notable changes in Python 3.7.10
    • Summary – Release highlights
    • New Features
    • Other Language Changes
    • New Modules
    • Improved Modules
    • Optimizations
    • Build and C API Changes
    • Other Improvements
    • Deprecated
    • Removed
    • Porting to Python 3.6
    • Notable changes in Python 3.6.2
    • Notable changes in Python 3.6.4
    • Notable changes in Python 3.6.5
    • Notable changes in Python 3.6.7
    • Notable changes in Python 3.6.10
    • Notable changes in Python 3.6.13
    • Summary – Release highlights
    • New Features
    • Other Language Changes
    • New Modules
    • Improved Modules
    • Other module-level changes
    • Optimizations
    • Build and C API Changes
    • Deprecated
    • Removed
    • Porting to Python 3.5
    • Notable changes in Python 3.5.4
    • Summary – Release Highlights
    • New Features
    • New Modules
    • Improved Modules
    • CPython Implementation Changes
    • Deprecated
    • Removed
    • Porting to Python 3.4
    • Changed in 3.4.3
    • Summary – Release highlights
    • PEP 405: Virtual Environments
    • PEP 420: Implicit Namespace Packages
    • PEP 3118: New memoryview implementation and buffer protocol documentation
    • PEP 393: Flexible String Representation
    • PEP 397: Python Launcher for Windows
    • PEP 3151: Reworking the OS and IO exception hierarchy
    • PEP 380: Syntax for Delegating to a Subgenerator
    • PEP 409: Suppressing exception context
    • PEP 414: Explicit Unicode literals
    • PEP 3155: Qualified name for classes and functions
    • PEP 412: Key-Sharing Dictionary
    • PEP 362: Function Signature Object
    • PEP 421: Adding sys.implementation
    • Using importlib as the Implementation of Import
    • Other Language Changes
    • A Finer-Grained Import Lock
    • Builtin functions and types
    • New Modules
    • Improved Modules
    • Optimizations
    • Build and C API Changes
    • Deprecated
    • Porting to Python 3.3
    • PEP 384: Defining a Stable ABI
    • PEP 389: Argparse Command Line Parsing Module
    • PEP 391: Dictionary Based Configuration for Logging
    • PEP 3148: The concurrent.futures module
    • PEP 3147: PYC Repository Directories
    • PEP 3149: ABI Version Tagged .so Files
    • PEP 3333: Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0.1
    • Other Language Changes
    • New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules
    • Multi-threading
    • Optimizations
    • Unicode
    • Codecs
    • Documentation
    • IDLE
    • Code Repository
    • Build and C API Changes
    • Porting to Python 3.2
    • PEP 372: Ordered Dictionaries
    • PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separator
    • Other Language Changes
    • New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules
    • Optimizations
    • IDLE
    • Build and C API Changes
    • Porting to Python 3.1
    • Common Stumbling Blocks
    • Overview Of Syntax Changes
    • Changes Already Present In Python 2.6
    • Library Changes
    • PEP 3101: A New Approach To String Formatting
    • Changes To Exceptions
    • Miscellaneous Other Changes
    • Build and C API Changes
    • Performance
    • Porting To Python 3.0
    • The Future for Python 2.x
    • Changes to the Handling of Deprecation Warnings
    • Python 3.1 Features
    • PEP 372: Adding an Ordered Dictionary to collections
    • PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separator
    • PEP 389: The argparse Module for Parsing Command Lines
    • PEP 391: Dictionary-Based Configuration For Logging
    • PEP 3106: Dictionary Views
    • PEP 3137: The memoryview Object
    • Other Language Changes
    • New and Improved Modules
    • Build and C API Changes
    • Other Changes and Fixes
    • Porting to Python 2.7
    • New Features Added to Python 2.7 Maintenance Releases
    • Acknowledgements
    • Python 3.0
    • Changes to the Development Process
    • PEP 343: The ‘with’ statement
    • PEP 366: Explicit Relative Imports From a Main Module
    • PEP 370: Per-user site-packages Directory
    • PEP 371: The multiprocessing Package
    • PEP 3101: Advanced String Formatting
    • PEP 3105: print As a Function
    • PEP 3110: Exception-Handling Changes
    • PEP 3112: Byte Literals
    • PEP 3116: New I/O Library
    • PEP 3118: Revised Buffer Protocol
    • PEP 3119: Abstract Base Classes
    • PEP 3127: Integer Literal Support and Syntax
    • PEP 3129: Class Decorators
    • PEP 3141: A Type Hierarchy for Numbers
    • Other Language Changes
    • New and Improved Modules
    • Deprecations and Removals
    • Build and C API Changes
    • Porting to Python 2.6
    • Acknowledgements
    • PEP 308: Conditional Expressions
    • PEP 309: Partial Function Application
    • PEP 314: Metadata for Python Software Packages v1.1
    • PEP 328: Absolute and Relative Imports
    • PEP 338: Executing Modules as Scripts
    • PEP 341: Unified try/except/finally
    • PEP 342: New Generator Features
    • PEP 343: The ‘with’ statement
    • PEP 352: Exceptions as New-Style Classes
    • PEP 353: Using ssize_t as the index type
    • PEP 357: The ‘__index__’ method
    • Other Language Changes
    • New, Improved, and Removed Modules
    • Build and C API Changes
    • Porting to Python 2.5
    • Acknowledgements
    • PEP 218: Built-In Set Objects
    • PEP 237: Unifying Long Integers and Integers
    • PEP 289: Generator Expressions
    • PEP 292: Simpler String Substitutions
    • PEP 318: Decorators for Functions and Methods
    • PEP 322: Reverse Iteration
    • PEP 324: New subprocess Module
    • PEP 327: Decimal Data Type
    • PEP 328: Multi-line Imports
    • PEP 331: Locale-Independent Float/String Conversions
    • Other Language Changes
    • New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules
    • Build and C API Changes
    • Porting to Python 2.4
    • Acknowledgements
    • PEP 218: A Standard Set Datatype
    • PEP 255: Simple Generators
    • PEP 263: Source Code Encodings
    • PEP 273: Importing Modules from ZIP Archives
    • PEP 277: Unicode file name support for Windows NT
    • PEP 278: Universal Newline Support
    • PEP 279: enumerate()
    • PEP 282: The logging Package
    • PEP 285: A Boolean Type
    • PEP 293: Codec Error Handling Callbacks
    • PEP 301: Package Index and Metadata for Distutils
    • PEP 302: New Import Hooks
    • PEP 305: Comma-separated Files
    • PEP 307: Pickle Enhancements
    • Extended Slices
    • Other Language Changes
    • New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules
    • Pymalloc: A Specialized Object Allocator
    • Build and C API Changes
    • Other Changes and Fixes
    • Porting to Python 2.3
    • Acknowledgements
    • Introduction
    • PEPs 252 and 253: Type and Class Changes
    • PEP 234: Iterators
    • PEP 255: Simple Generators
    • PEP 237: Unifying Long Integers and Integers
    • PEP 238: Changing the Division Operator
    • Unicode Changes
    • PEP 227: Nested Scopes
    • New and Improved Modules
    • Interpreter Changes and Fixes
    • Other Changes and Fixes
    • Acknowledgements
    • Introduction
    • PEP 227: Nested Scopes
    • PEP 236: __future__ Directives
    • PEP 207: Rich Comparisons
    • PEP 230: Warning Framework
    • PEP 229: New Build System
    • PEP 205: Weak References
    • PEP 232: Function Attributes
    • PEP 235: Importing Modules on Case-Insensitive Platforms
    • PEP 217: Interactive Display Hook
    • PEP 208: New Coercion Model
    • PEP 241: Metadata in Python Packages
    • New and Improved Modules
    • Other Changes and Fixes
    • Acknowledgements
    • Introduction
    • What About Python 1.6?
    • New Development Process
    • Unicode
    • List Comprehensions
    • Augmented Assignment
    • String Methods
    • Garbage Collection of Cycles
    • Other Core Changes
    • Porting to 2.0
    • Extending/Embedding Changes
    • Distutils: Making Modules Easy to Install
    • XML Modules
    • Module changes
    • New modules
    • IDLE Improvements
    • Deleted and Deprecated Modules
    • Acknowledgements

    The “Changelog” is an HTML version of the file built from the contents of the Misc/NEWS.d directory tree, which contains all nontrivial changes to Python for the current version.

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