FastCGI Process Manager (FPM)
FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) is a primary PHP FastCGI implementation containing some features (mostly) useful for heavy-loaded sites.
- advanced process management with graceful stop/start;
- pools that give ability to start workers with different uid/gid/chroot/environment, listening on different ports and using different php.ini (replaces safe_mode);
- configurable stdout and stderr logging;
- emergency restart in case of accidental opcode cache destruction;
- accelerated upload support;
- «slowlog» — logging scripts (not just their names, but their PHP backtraces too, using ptrace and similar things to read remote process’ execute_data) that are executed unusually slow;
- fastcgi_finish_request() — special function to finish request and flush all data while continuing to do something time-consuming (video converting, stats processing etc.);
- dynamic/ondemand/static child spawning;
- basic and extended status info (similar to Apache mod_status) with various formats like json, xml and openmetrics supported;
- php.ini-based config file.
User Contributed Notes 9 notes
It looks like the php-fpm daemon is not able to use its groups it is running with.
PHP-FPM is FAST — but be wary of using it while your code base is stored on NFS — under average load your NFS server will feel some serious strain. I have yet to find a work around for this bug: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=52312
php-fpm is not avaliable on Windows, but you can use IIS or Apache as the «fastcgi process manager».
If you have to use Nginx, here is a solution. Nginx provides a load balancing module. We can distribute the request to different php-cgi.exe process.
This is the origin nginx conf.
«`
location ~ \.php$ try_files $uri = 404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
>
«`
You can replace it by
«`
upstream php server 127.0.0.1:9000;
server 127.0.0.1:9001;
server 127.0.0.1:9002;
server 127.0.0.1:9003;
>
location ~ \.php$ try_files $uri = 404;
fastcgi_pass php;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
>
«`
php-cgi.exe process will die after several requests, so you have to restart the php-cgi.exe manually to keep a process listening the port.
DON’T USE THIS SOLUTION IN PRODUCTION!!
You will probably want to create an init script for your new php-fpm. Fortunately, PHP 5.3.3 provides one for you, which you should copy to your init directory and change permissions:
$ cp /sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm.in /etc/init.d/php-fpm
$ chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
It requires a certain amount of setup. First of all, make sure your php-fpm.conf file is set up to create a PID file when php-fpm starts. E.g.:
—-
pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid
—-
(also make sure your php-fpm user has permission to create this file).
Now open up your new init script (/etc/init.d/php-fpm) and set the variables at the top to their relevant values. E.g.:
—
prefix=
exec_prefix=
php_fpm_BIN=/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=/var/run/php-fpm.pid
—
Your init script is now ready. You should now be able to start, stop and reload php-fpm:
$ /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
$ /etc/init.d/php-fpm stop
$ /etc/init.d/php-fpm reload
The one remaining thing you may wish to do is to add your new php-fpm init script to system start-up. E.g. in CentOS:
Disclaimer: Although I did just do this on my own server about 20 mins ago, everything I’ve written here is off the top of my head, so it may not be 100% correct. Also, allow for differences in system setup. Some understanding of what you are doing is assumed.
It is important to note that FPM is not built with the windows binaries. Many of the guides you may find online rely on php-cgi.exe. Unfortunately they call it FPM but this is incorrect!
The executable php-cgi.exe that is bundled with the windows binaries is a FastCGI interface but it is *not* FPM (Fastcgi Process Manager). php-cgi.exe does not have multi-threading or concurrent request support, nor support for any of the FPM configuration options.
The only solid information I’ve gathered into why FPM is not available is a bug report explaining that FPM is built around fork(), which is not natively available on windows (https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=62447).
the fpm process supports the USER2 signal, which is used to reload the config file.
Php running as fastcgi
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