Php current working directory

How to get the Current Working Directory in PHP

There are several ways to get the current working directory in PHP depending on what you are working on. Generally, you want to use these methods to programmatically find out which directory a running script is in.

Current Working Directory Using the getcwd() PHP Function

This PHP function returns the current working folder on success and false on failure. The function is called with no parameters.

On some Unix variants, getcwd() will return false if any one of the parent directories does not have the readable or search mode set, even if the current directory does.

The above example will output something similar to:

Working Directory Using dirname() PHP Function

dirname function returns a parent directory’s path or depending on the parameters you can define how far up the parent path you want to return.

To get the current directory using dirname() you need to add the PHP predefined FILE constant or PHP_SELF.

require_once dirname(__FILE__) . '/folder/script.php'; echo dirname($_SERVER[PHP_SELF]);

Either of the above examples will output something similar to:

Using basename() PHP function

The basename function returns the trailing name component of path.

echo "1) ".basename("/path/to/folder", ".d").PHP_EOL; echo "2) ".basename("/path/to").PHP_EOL; echo "3) ".basename("/path/").PHP_EOL;

The above examples will output something similar to:

Conclusion

You have now learned three ways that you can get the current working directory in PHP.

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getcwd

Returns the current working directory on success, or false on failure.

On some Unix variants, getcwd() will return false if any one of the parent directories does not have the readable or search mode set, even if the current directory does. See chmod() for more information on modes and permissions.

Examples

Example #1 getcwd() example

// current directory
echo getcwd () . «\n» ;

// current directory
echo getcwd () . «\n» ;

The above example will output something similar to:

If the PHP interpreter has been built with ZTS (Zend Thread Safety) enabled, the current working directory returned by getcwd() may be different from that returned by operating system interfaces. External libraries (invoked through FFI) which depend on the current working directory will be affected.

See Also

User Contributed Notes 20 notes

getcwd() returns the path of the «main» script referenced in the URL.

dirname(__FILE__) will return the path of the script currently executing.

I had written a script that required several class definition scripts from the same directory. It retrieved them based on filename matches and used getcwd to figure out where they were.

Didn’t work so well when I needed to call that first script from a new file in a different directory.

given a link
/some/link->/some/location/path

with linux bash,
if within the linked drawer /some/link
cd .. goes upper link /some/
cd -P .. goes upper destination /some/location/

with php
fopen («../file») goes upper destination /some/location/file

some others commented about ways obtaining the path below.

I found some luck with using $_SERVER[‘DOCUMENT_ROOT’] instead
to recraft an absolute path.

getcwd() appears to call the equivalent of PHP’s realpath() on the path. It never returns symlinks, but always the actual directory names in the path to the current working directory.

When running PHP on the command line, if you want to include another file which is in the same directory as the main script, doing just
include ‘./otherfile.php’ ;
?>
might not work, if you run your script like this:
/$ /path/to/script.php
because the current working dir will be set to ‘/’, and the file ‘/otherfile.php’ does not exist, because it is in ‘/path/to/otherfile.php’.
So, to get the directory in which the script resides, you can use this function:
function get_file_dir () global $argv ;
$dir = dirname ( getcwd () . ‘/’ . $argv [ 0 ]);
$curDir = getcwd ();
chdir ( $dir );
$dir = getcwd ();
chdir ( $curDir );
return $dir ;
>
?>
So you can use it like this:
include get_file_dir () . ‘/otherfile.php’ ;
// or even..
chdir ( get_file_dir ());
include ‘./otherfile.php’ ;
?>
Spent some time thinking this one out, maybe it helps someone 🙂

I use this code to replicate the pushd and popd DOS commands in PHP:

$g_DirStack = array();
function pushd ( $dir )
global $g_DirStack ;
array_push ( $g_DirStack , getcwd () );
chdir ( $dir );
>
function popd ( )
global $g_DirStack ;
$dir = array_pop ( $g_DirStack );
assert ( $dir !== null );
chdir ( $dir );
>
?>

This allows you to change the current directory with pushd, then use popd to «undo» the directory change when you’re done.

This function is often used in conjuction with basename(), i.e.
http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.basename.php

Some server’s has security options to block the getcwd()

«On some Unix variants, getcwd() will return FALSE if any one of the parent directories does not have the readable or search mode set, even if the current directory does.»

Just so you know, MacOS X is one of these variants (at least 10.4 is for me). You can make it work by applying ‘chmod a+rx’ to all folders from your site folder upwards.

This is a function to convert a path which looks something like this:

To a proper directory path:

function simplify_path ( $path )

//saves our current working directory to a variable
$oldcwd = getcwd ();
//changes the directory to the one to convert
//$path is the directory to convert (clean up), handed over to the //function as a string

chdir ( $path );
return gstr_replace ( ‘\\’ , ‘/’ , getcwd ());

//change the cwd back to the old value to not interfere with the script
chdir ( $oldcwd );

This function is really useful if you want to compare two filepaths which are not necesarily in a «cleaned up» state . It works in * NIX and WINDOWS alike

if you link your php to /bin/linkedphp and your php is at for ex /home/actual.php

when you run linkedphp in somewhere in your filesystem,
getcwd returns /bin instead of working dir,

solution: use dirname(__FILENAME__) instead

It appears there is a change in functionality in PHP5 from PHP4 when using the CLI tool. Here is the example: —

PHP4 returns /tmp
PHP5 returns /

Take care if you use getcwd() in file that you’ll need to include (using include, require, or *_once) in a script located outside of the same directory tree.

example:
//in /var/www/main_document_root/include/MySQL.inc.php
if ( strpos ( getcwd (), ‘main_’ )> 0 ) //code to set up main DB connection
>
?>

//in home/cron_user/maintenance_scripts/some_maintenance_script.php
require_once ( ‘/var/www/main_document_root/include/MySQL.inc.php’ );
?>

In the above example, the database connection will not be made because the call to getcwd() returns the path relative to the calling script ( /home/cron_user/maintenance_scripts ) NOT relative to the file where the getcwd() function is called.

Be aware when calling getcwd() in directories consisting of symlinks.

getcwd() is the equivalent of shell command «pwd -P» which resolves symlinks.

The shell command «pwd» is the equivalent of «pwd -L» which uses PWD from the environment without resolving symlinks. This is also the equivalent of calling getenv(‘PWD’).

As you could read in
http://www.php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.differences.php
the CLI SAPI does — contrary to other SAPIs — NOT automatically change the current working directory to the one the started script resides in.

A very simple workaround to regain the behaviour you’re used to from your «ordinary» webpage scripting is to include something like that at the beginning of your script:

chdir ( dirname ( __FILE__ ) );
?>

But because this is about reading or «finding» pathes, you might appreciate it if I share some more sophisticated tricks I frequently use in CLI scripts .

// Note: all pathes stored in subsequent Variables end up with a DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR

// how to store the working directory «from where» the script was called:
$initial_cwd = preg_replace ( ‘~(\w)$~’ , ‘$1’ . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR , realpath ( getcwd () ) );

// how to switch symlink-free to the folder the current file resides in:
chdir ( dirname ( realpath ( __FILE__ ) ) );

// how to store the former folder in a variable:
$my_folder = dirname ( realpath ( __FILE__ ) ) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR ;

// how to get a path one folder up if $my_folder ends with \class\ or /class/ :
$my_parent_folder = preg_replace ( ‘~[/\\\\]class[/\\\\]$~’ , DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR , $my_folder );

// how to get a path one folder up in any case :
$my_parent_folder = preg_replace ( ‘~[/\\\\][^/\\\\]*[/\\\\]$~’ , DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR , $my_folder );

// how to make an array of OS-style-pathes from an array of unix-style-pathes
// (handy if you use config-files or so):
foreach( $unix_style_pathes as $unix_style_path )
$os_independent_path [] = str_replace ( ‘/’ , DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR , $unix_style_path );

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Get Current Directory Name and Path in PHP

1. Use the getcwd() Function to Get the Current Directory Name in PHP
2. Use the dirname() Function to Get the Current Directory Name in PHP
3. Use the basename() Function to Get the Current Directory Name in PHP

This article will introduce a few methods to get the current working directory name in PHP.

Use the getcwd() Function to Get the Current Directory Name in PHP

The getcwd() function gives the current working directory. The returned value is a string on success.

The function does not take any parameters. The function returns false in case of failure.

Let’s consider the following directory structure.

├── var │ └── www │ └── html | └──project | └──index.php 

The PHP file lies inside the project directory. The getcwd() function will return the name of the current working directory, which is project .

We can use the echo function to display the content of the function. We can see in the output section that the getcwd() function returns the current working directory with its path.

Use the dirname() Function to Get the Current Directory Name in PHP

We can also use the dirname() function to get the current directory name in PHP. The function returns the path of the parent directory.

It accepts two parameters where the first one is the path and the second one is levels. Levels indicate the number of directories to move up.

Finally, we can use the __FILE__ magic constants in the dirname() function to get the name of the current directory. The __FILE__ constant returns the full path of the current file along with the file name.

We can demonstrate these constants and the function in the above directory structure. For example, we get the following result when we echo the __FILE__ constant from the index.php file.

/var/www/html/project/index.php 

For example, write the dirname() function in the index.php file with the __FILE__ constant as the parameter.

In this way, we can get the current working directory name in PHP.

Use the basename() Function to Get the Current Directory Name in PHP

We can use the basename() function to get the current working directory name without the path in PHP. We can apply this function with the result of the above two functions.

The basename() function returns the name of the base file or folder from the given path. For example, if the path provided is /var/www/html/project , the output will be project .

For example, use the functions dirname(__FILE__) and getcwd() as the parameters for the basename() function. In this way, we can get the current working directory name in PHP.

echo basename(dirname(__FILE__))."
"; echo basename(getcwd())."\n"; 

Subodh is a proactive software engineer, specialized in fintech industry and a writer who loves to express his software development learnings and set of skills through blogs and articles.

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