Do we need to explicitly pass php.ini’s location to php-fpm?
I am seeing a strange issue where my php.ini is not used if I do not explicitly pass it to php-fpm when starting it. This is the upstart script I am using:
start on (filesystem and net-device-up IFACE=lo) stop on runlevel [016] pre-start script mkdir -p /run/php end script expect fork respawn exec /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /etc/php/php-fpm.conf If PHP is started with the above, my php.ini is never used, even though it is in Configuration File (php.ini) Path . This is the relevant part from phpinfo() :
Configuration File (php.ini) Path /etc/php/ Loaded Configuration File (none) Scan this dir for additional .ini files (none) Additional .ini files parsed (none) exec /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /etc/php/php-fpm.conf -c /etc/php/php.ini Configuration File (php.ini) Path /etc/php/ Loaded Configuration File /etc/php/php.ini Scan this dir for additional .ini files (none) Additional .ini files parsed (none) Why is this the case? Is this a quirk in php-fpm? Minor update: This also seems to be a problem for php5-fpm installed using apt-get . I did a test install in a Ubuntu Server 12.04 virtual machine by running the following:
sudo apt-get install nginx php5-fpm PHP-FPM and nginx were started after installation and everything seemed fine. I then uncommented php’s settings in nginx’s configuration and placed a test phpinfo() file to inspect PHP’s settings. The relevant bits are:
Configuration File (php.ini) Path /etc/php5/fpm Loaded Configuration File (none) Scan this dir for additional .ini files /etc/php5/fpm/conf.d Additional .ini files parsed /etc/php5/fpm/conf.d/10-pdo.ini I noted that no php.ini was loaded either. However, if I go to /etc/php5/fpm , I can see that a php.ini exists. I also checked the start up scripts for PHP-FPM and the -c parameter was not used to link the ini file to PHP. This can potentially be confusing for people who would expect php.ini to be loaded automatically by PHP-FPM.
Can I add a second php.ini file that supercedes the first?
I’ve made changes to my php.ini file, so I don’t update the php.ini file whenever I update the PHP package. I’d like to «fork» off my changes to a different file, so I can update the actual php.ini file without losing my changes. I realise PHP 5.3 introduced per-directory .ini files, but my server has multiple virtual hosts — therefore multiple document roots — therefore there isn’t one place I can put an overriding php.ini file using the per-directory approach. Is there a way to get PHP to check for an «ammending» php.ini file?
2 Answers 2
PHP loads additional .ini files from a certain directory. On a Debian 8 box, that directory is: /etc/php5/apache2/conf.d .
Files in that directory are loaded in alphabetical order, so naming a file 00-overrides.ini (for example) will cause it to be loaded first. Settings set in that file will override settings set in the default php.ini.
If you’re running PHP as an Apache module, there’s a directive to set the directory path where PHP will look for php.ini:
LoadModule php5_module "c:/php/php5apache2.dll" AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php # configure the path to php.ini PHPIniDir "C:/php" The example is for windows, but works the same for linux systems.
Note that the php.ini in the specified location will replace the php.ini in the default location, it will not override or extend it in any way.
This way when you update PHP it will overwrite the php.ini in the default location, but not your custom php.ini
Php additional ini file
The list of command line options provided by the PHP binary can be queried at any time by running PHP with the -h switch:
Usage: php [options] [-f] [--] [args. ] php [options] -r [--] [args. ] php [options] [-B ] -R [-E ] [--] [args. ] php [options] [-B ] -F [-E ] [--] [args. ] php [options] -- [args. ] php [options] -a -a Run interactively -c | Look for php.ini file in this directory -n No php.ini file will be used -d foo[=bar] Define INI entry foo with value 'bar' -e Generate extended information for debugger/profiler -f Parse and execute . -h This help -i PHP information -l Syntax check only (lint) -m Show compiled in modules -r Run PHP without using script tags -B Run PHP before processing input lines -R Run PHP for every input line -F Parse and execute for every input line -E Run PHP after processing all input lines -H Hide any passed arguments from external tools. -S : Run with built-in web server. -t Specify document root for built-in web server. -s Output HTML syntax highlighted source. -v Version number -w Output source with stripped comments and whitespace. -z Load Zend extension . args. Arguments passed to script. Use -- args when first argument starts with - or script is read from stdin --ini Show configuration file names --rf Show information about function . --rc Show information about class . --re Show information about extension . --rz Show information about Zend extension . --ri Show configuration for extension .
Run PHP interactively. For more information, see the Interactive shell section.
Bind Path for external FASTCGI Server mode ( CGI only).
Do not chdir to the script’s directory ( CGI only).
Quiet-mode. Suppress HTTP header output ( CGI only).
Measure execution time of script repeated count times ( CGI only).
Specifies either a directory in which to look for php.ini , or a custom INI file (which does not need to be named php.ini ), e.g.:
$ php -c /custom/directory/ my_script.php $ php -c /custom/directory/custom-file.ini my_script.php
If this option is not specified, php.ini is searched for in the default locations.
Set a custom value for any of the configuration directives allowed in php.ini . The syntax is:
-d configuration_directive[=value]
# Omitting the value part will set the given configuration directive to "1" $ php -d max_execution_time -r '$foo = ini_get("max_execution_time"); var_dump($foo);' string(1) "1" # Passing an empty value part will set the configuration directive to "" php -d max_execution_time= -r '$foo = ini_get("max_execution_time"); var_dump($foo);' string(0) "" # The configuration directive will be set to anything passed after the '=' character $ php -d max_execution_time=20 -r '$foo = ini_get("max_execution_time"); var_dump($foo);' string(2) "20" $ php -d max_execution_time=doesntmakesense -r '$foo = ini_get("max_execution_time"); var_dump($foo);' string(15) "doesntmakesense" Activate the extended information mode, to be used by a debugger/profiler.
Parse and execute the specified file. The -f is optional and may be omitted — providing just the filename to execute is sufficient.
Provides a convenient way to perform only a syntax check on the given PHP code. On success, the text No syntax errors detected in is written to standard output and the shell return code is 0 . On failure, the text Errors parsing in addition to the internal parser error message is written to standard output and the shell return code is set to -1 .
This option won’t find fatal errors (like undefined functions). Use the -f to test for fatal errors too.
Note:
This option does not work together with the -r option.
Example #1 Printing built in (and loaded) PHP and Zend modules
$ php -m [PHP Modules] xml tokenizer standard session posix pcre overload mysql mbstring ctype [Zend Modules]
Allows execution of PHP included directly on the command line. The PHP start and end tags ( ) are not needed and will cause a parse error if present.
Note:
Care must be taken when using this form of PHP not to collide with command line variable substitution done by the shell.
Example #2 Getting a syntax error when using double quotes
$ php -r "$foo = get_defined_constants();" PHP Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '=' in Command line code on line 1 Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '=' in Command line code on line 1
The problem here is that sh/bash performs variable substitution even when using double quotes » . Since the variable $foo is unlikely to be defined, it expands to nothing which results in the code passed to PHP for execution actually reading:
$ php -r " = get_defined_constants();"
The correct way would be to use single quotes ‘ . Variables in single-quoted strings are not expanded by sh/bash.
Example #3 Using single quotes to prevent the shell’s variable substitution
$ php -r '$foo = get_defined_constants(); var_dump($foo);' array(370) < ["E_ERROR"]=>int(1) ["E_WARNING"]=> int(2) ["E_PARSE"]=> int(4) ["E_NOTICE"]=> int(8) ["E_CORE_ERROR"]=> [. ]
If using a shell other than sh/bash, further issues might be experienced — if appropriate, a bug report should be opened at » https://github.com/php/php-src/issues. It is still easy to run into trouble when trying to use variables (shell or PHP) in command-line code, or using backslashes for escaping, so take great care when doing so. You have been warned!
Note:
-r is available in the CLI SAPI , but not in the CGI SAPI .
Note:
This option is only intended for very basic code, so some configuration directives (such as auto_prepend_file and auto_append_file) are ignored in this mode.
PHP code to execute before processing stdin.
PHP code to execute for every input line.
There are two special variables available in this mode: $argn and $argi . $argn will contain the line PHP is processing at that moment, while $argi will contain the line number.
PHP file to execute for every input line.
PHP code to execute after processing the input.
Example #4 Using the -B, -R and -E options to count the number of lines of a project.
$ find my_proj | php -B '$l=0;' -R '$l += count(@file($argn));' -E 'echo "Total Lines: $l\n";' Total Lines: 37328
Display colour syntax highlighted source.
This option uses the internal mechanism to parse the file and writes an HTML highlighted version of it to standard output. Note that all it does is generate a block of [. ] HTML tags, no HTML headers.
Note:
This option does not work together with the -r option.
Example #5 Using -v to get the SAPI name and the version of PHP and Zend
$ php -v PHP 5.3.1 (cli) (built: Dec 11 2009 19:55:07) Copyright (c) 1997-2009 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2009 Zend Technologies
Display source with comments and whitespace stripped.
Note:
This option does not work together with the -r option.
Load Zend extension. If only a filename is given, PHP tries to load this extension from the current default library path on your system (usually /etc/ld.so.conf on Linux systems, for example). Passing a filename with an absolute path will not use the system’s library search path. A relative filename including directory information will tell PHP to try loading the extension relative to the current directory.
Show configuration file names and scanned directories.
Example #6 —ini example
$ php --ini Configuration File (php.ini) Path: /usr/dev/php/5.2/lib Loaded Configuration File: /usr/dev/php/5.2/lib/php.ini Scan for additional .ini files in: (none) Additional .ini files parsed: (none)
Show information about the given function or class method (e.g. number and name of the parameters).
This option is only available if PHP was compiled with Reflection support.
Example #7 basic —rf usage
$ php --rf var_dump Function [ public function var_dump ] < - Parameters [2] < Parameter #0 [ $var ] Parameter #1 [ $. ] > >
Show information about the given class (list of constants, properties and methods).
This option is only available if PHP was compiled with Reflection support.
Example #8 —rc example
$ php --rc Directory Class [ class Directory ] < - Constants [0] < >- Static properties [0] < >- Static methods [0] < >- Properties [0] < >- Methods [3] < Method [ public method close ] < >Method [ public method rewind ] < >Method [ public method read ] < >> >
Show information about the given extension (list of php.ini options, defined functions, constants and classes).
This option is only available if PHP was compiled with Reflection support.
Example #9 —re example
$ php --re json Extension [ extension #19 json version 1.2.1 ] < - Functions < Function [ function json_encode ] < >Function [ function json_decode ] < >> >
Show the configuration information for the given Zend extension (the same information that is returned by phpinfo() ).
Show the configuration information for the given extension (the same information that is returned by phpinfo() ). The core configuration information is available using «main» as extension name.
Example #10 —ri example
$ php --ri date date date/time support => enabled "Olson" Timezone Database Version => 2009.20 Timezone Database => internal Default timezone => Europe/Oslo Directive => Local Value => Master Value date.timezone => Europe/Oslo => Europe/Oslo date.default_latitude => 59.930972 => 59.930972 date.default_longitude => 10.776699 => 10.776699 date.sunset_zenith => 90.583333 => 90.583333 date.sunrise_zenith => 90.583333 => 90.583333
Note:
Options -rBRFEH , —ini and —r[fcezi] are available only in CLI .