Nginx fastcgi php example

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FastCGI Example¶

First thing, I recommend keeping all your typical FCGI settings in a single file and importing them.

For example you might have an /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf (or /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params that’s installed by default on debian) file that looks like this:

#fastcgi.conf fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

This allows you to keep your individual FCGI configurations as simple as possible. You may also want to replace $document_root in SCRIPT_FILENAME and DOCUMENT_ROOT with an actual path, the $document_root variable is hardcoded and may not reflect your install (will cause variations on ‘script not found’ errors, usually). To use NGINX + Virtual Host + PHP you should ommit the SCRIPT_NAME variable in order for PHP to choose the correct DOCUMENT_ROOT .

Spawning a FastCGI Process¶

Unlike Apache or Lighttpd, NGINX does not automatically spawn FCGI processes. You must start them separately. In fact, FCGI is a lot like proxying. There’s a few ways to start FCGI programs, but luckily PHP5 will auto-spawn as many as you set in the PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment variable. So we simply run php -b 127.0.0.1:9000 manually, or create an init script like so:

#!/bin/bash BIND=127.0.0.1:9000 USER=www-data PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=15 PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=1000 PHP_CGI=/usr/bin/php-cgi PHP_CGI_NAME=`basename $PHP_CGI` PHP_CGI_ARGS="- USER=$USER PATH=/usr/bin PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=$PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=$PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS $PHP_CGI -b $BIND" RETVAL=0 start()  echo -n "Starting PHP FastCGI: " start-stop-daemon --quiet --start --background --chuid "$USER" --exec /usr/bin/env -- $PHP_CGI_ARGS RETVAL=$? echo "$PHP_CGI_NAME." > stop()  echo -n "Stopping PHP FastCGI: " killall -q -w -u $USER $PHP_CGI RETVAL=$? echo "$PHP_CGI_NAME." > case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop start ;; *) echo "Usage: php-fastcgi " exit 1 ;; esac exit $RETVAL

Save this to /etc/init.d/ (or wherever your init scripts are) as php-fcgi Install the usual way (for this debian init script, it’s update-rc.d php-fcgi defaults) and start it.

Connecting NGINX to the running FastCGI Process¶

Now that the FCGI process is running, we must tell NGINX to proxy requests to it via the FCGI protocol:

location ~ \.php$  include /etc/nginx/fcgi_params; #or whatever you named it fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; >

Secure your upload directory!!¶

Too many example configs fail to secure the “uploads” directory of the application. Remember that if someone can upload a file named xyz.php and the uploads dir is publically accessible then you have given the attacker an easy way to insert PHP onto your site…

So if your app has an upload dir «/images/» then insert if ($uri !~ «^/images/») before fastcgi_pass , as so:

location ~ \.php$  include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; if ($uri !~ "^/images/")  fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; > >

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PHP FastCGI Example¶

This example is for newer PHP (>= 5.3.3) using the included PHP FPM (FastCGI Process Manager).

This guide assume PHP FPM already installed and configured either using tcp port ( 127.0.0.1:9000 ) or unix socket ( /var/run/php-fpm.sock ).

There are many guide about configuring NGINX with PHP FPM, but many of them are incomplete (don’t handle PATH_INFO correctly) or contain security issues (don’t check whether the script is indeed php file).

FastCGI Params¶

First thing, I recommend keeping all your typical FCGI settings in a single file and importing them.

For example on debian and ubuntu by default there is /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params file that should look like this:

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; fastcgi_param HTTPS $https; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

Please note if you’re using Ubuntu Precise (12.04), I change SCRIPT_FILENAME and add PATH_INFO params.

Connecting NGINX to PHP FPM¶

Now we must tell NGINX to proxy requests to PHP FPM via the FCGI protocol:

location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$)  fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$; if (!-f $document_root$fastcgi_script_name)  return 404; > # Mitigate https://httpoxy.org/ vulnerabilities fastcgi_param HTTP_PROXY ""; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; # include the fastcgi_param setting include fastcgi_params; # SCRIPT_FILENAME parameter is used for PHP FPM determining # the script name. If it is not set in fastcgi_params file, # i.e. /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params or in the parent contexts, # please comment off following line: # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; >

If you’re using unix socket change fastcgi_pass to:

fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm.sock;

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Nginx fastcgi php example

PHP-FastCGI on Windows¶

Steps¶

Autostarting PHP and NGINX¶