Learn more about html

HTML Introduction

HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.

What is HTML?

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
• HTML describes the structure of a Web page
• HTML consists of a series of elements
• HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
• HTML elements label pieces of content such as «this is a heading», «this is a paragraph», «this is a link», etc.

A Simple HTML Document

Example

My First Heading

My first paragraph.

Example Explained

• The declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
• The element is the root element of an HTML page
• The element contains meta information about the HTML page
• The element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser’s title bar or in the page’s tab)
• The element defines the document’s body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
• The element defines a large heading
• The

  element defines a paragraph

What is an HTML Element?

An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:

The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the
element). These elements are called empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!

Web Browsers

The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and display them correctly.

A browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine how to display the document:

HTML Page Structure

Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:

This is a heading

This is another paragraph.

Note: The content inside the section will be displayed in a browser. The content inside the element will be shown in the browser’s title bar or in the page’s tab.

HTML History

Since the early days of the World Wide Web, there have been many versions of HTML:

Year	Version
1989	Tim Berners-Lee invented www
1991	Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML
1993	Dave Raggett drafted HTML+
1995	HTML Working Group defined HTML 2.0
1997	W3C Recommendation: HTML 3.2
1999	W3C Recommendation: HTML 4.01
2000	W3C Recommendation: XHTML 1.0
2008	WHATWG HTML5 First Public Draft
2012	WHATWG HTML5 Living Standard
2014	W3C Recommendation: HTML5
2016	W3C Candidate Recommendation: HTML 5.1
2017	W3C Recommendation: HTML5.1 2nd Edition
2017	W3C Recommendation: HTML5.2

This tutorial follows the latest HTML5 standard.

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HTML: HyperText Markup Language

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the most basic building block of the Web. It defines the meaning and structure of web content. Other technologies besides HTML are generally used to describe a web page’s appearance/presentation (CSS) or functionality/behavior (JavaScript).

«Hypertext» refers to links that connect web pages to one another, either within a single website or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web. By uploading content to the Internet and linking it to pages created by other people, you become an active participant in the World Wide Web.

HTML uses «markup» to annotate text, images, and other content for display in a Web browser. HTML markup includes special «elements» such as , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and many others.

An HTML element is set off from other text in a document by «tags», which consist of the element name surrounded by » < " and " >«. The name of an element inside a tag is case-insensitive. That is, it can be written in uppercase, lowercase, or a mixture. For example, the tag can be written as , , or in any other way. However, the convention and recommended practice is to write tags in lowercase.

The articles below can help you learn more about HTML.

Key resources

If you’re new to web development, be sure to read our HTML Basics article to learn what HTML is and how to use it.

For articles about how to use HTML, as well as tutorials and complete examples, check out our HTML Learning Area.

In our extensive HTML reference section, you’ll find the details about every element and attribute in HTML.

Looking to become a front-end web developer?

We have put together a course that includes all the essential information you need to work towards your goal.

Beginner’s tutorials

Our HTML Learning Area features multiple modules that teach HTML from the ground up — no previous knowledge required.

This module sets the stage, getting you used to important concepts and syntax such as looking at applying HTML to text, how to create hyperlinks, and how to use HTML to structure a web page.

This module explores how to use HTML to include multimedia in your web pages, including the different ways that images can be included, and how to embed video, audio, and even entire other webpages.

Representing tabular data on a webpage in an understandable, accessible way can be a challenge. This module covers basic table markup, along with more complex features such as implementing captions and summaries.

Forms are a very important part of the Web — these provide much of the functionality you need for interacting with websites, e.g. registering and logging in, sending feedback, buying products, and more. This module gets you started with creating the client-side/front-end parts of forms.

Provides links to sections of content explaining how to use HTML to solve very common problems when creating a web page: dealing with titles, adding images or videos, emphasizing content, creating a basic form, etc.

Advanced topics

Reference

HTML consists of elements, each of which may be modified by some number of attributes. HTML documents are connected to each other with links.

Elements in HTML have attributes. These are additional values that configure the elements or adjust their behavior in various ways.

Global attributes may be specified on all HTML elements, even those not specified in the standard. This means that any non-standard elements must still permit these attributes, even though those elements make the document HTML5-noncompliant.

HTML elements are usually «inline-level» or «block-level» elements. An inline-level element occupies only the space bounded by the tags that define it. A block-level element occupies the entire space of its parent element (container), thereby creating a «block box».

HTML is comprised of several kinds of content, each of which is allowed to be used in certain contexts and is disallowed in others. Similarly, each context has a set of other content categories it can contain and elements that can or can’t be used in them. This is a guide to these categories.

Historical information on quirks mode and standards mode.

Related topics

This article covers most of the ways you use CSS to add color to HTML content, listing what parts of HTML documents can be colored and what CSS properties to use when doing so. Includes examples, links to palette-building tools, and more.

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HTML Basic Examples

In this chapter we will show some basic HTML examples.

Don’t worry if we use tags you have not learned about yet.

HTML Documents

All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: .

The HTML document itself begins with and ends with .

The visible part of the HTML document is between and .

Example

My First Heading

My first paragraph.

The Declaration

The declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web pages correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The declaration is not case sensitive.

The declaration for HTML5 is:

HTML Headings

HTML headings are defined with the to tags.

defines the most important heading. defines the least important heading:

Example

This is heading 1

This is heading 2

This is heading 3

HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the

tag:

Example

This is a paragraph.

This is another paragraph.

HTML Links

HTML links are defined with the tag:

Example

The link’s destination is specified in the href attribute.

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.

You will learn more about attributes in a later chapter.

HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the tag.

The source file ( src ), alternative text ( alt ), width , and height are provided as attributes:

Example

How to View HTML Source

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered «Hey! How did they do that?»

View HTML Source Code:

Right-click in an HTML page and select «View Page Source» (in Chrome) or «View Source» (in Edge), or similar in other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML source code of the page.

Inspect an HTML Element:

Right-click on an element (or a blank area), and choose «Inspect» or «Inspect Element» to see what elements are made up of (you will see both the HTML and the CSS). You can also edit the HTML or CSS on-the-fly in the Elements or Styles panel that opens.

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