Java web application framework spring

Building an Application with Spring Boot

This guide provides a sampling of how Spring Boot helps you accelerate application development. As you read more Spring Getting Started guides, you will see more use cases for Spring Boot. This guide is meant to give you a quick taste of Spring Boot. If you want to create your own Spring Boot-based project, visit Spring Initializr, fill in your project details, pick your options, and download a bundled up project as a zip file.

What You Will build

You will build a simple web application with Spring Boot and add some useful services to it.

What You Need

• About 15 minutes
• A favorite text editor or IDE
• Java 1.8 or later
• Gradle 7.5+ or Maven 3.5+
• You can also import the code straight into your IDE:

How to complete this guide

Like most Spring Getting Started guides, you can start from scratch and complete each step or you can bypass basic setup steps that are already familiar to you. Either way, you end up with working code.

To start from scratch, move on to Starting with Spring Initializr.

To skip the basics, do the following:

• Download and unzip the source repository for this guide, or clone it using Git: git clone https://github.com/spring-guides/gs-spring-boot.git
• cd into gs-spring-boot/initial
• Jump ahead to Create a Simple Web Application.

When you finish, you can check your results against the code in gs-spring-boot/complete .

Learn What You Can Do with Spring Boot

Spring Boot offers a fast way to build applications. It looks at your classpath and at the beans you have configured, makes reasonable assumptions about what you are missing, and adds those items. With Spring Boot, you can focus more on business features and less on infrastructure.

The following examples show what Spring Boot can do for you:

• Is Spring MVC on the classpath? There are several specific beans you almost always need, and Spring Boot adds them automatically. A Spring MVC application also needs a servlet container, so Spring Boot automatically configures embedded Tomcat.
• Is Jetty on the classpath? If so, you probably do NOT want Tomcat but instead want embedded Jetty. Spring Boot handles that for you.
• Is Thymeleaf on the classpath? If so, there are a few beans that must always be added to your application context. Spring Boot adds them for you.

These are just a few examples of the automatic configuration Spring Boot provides. At the same time, Spring Boot does not get in your way. For example, if Thymeleaf is on your path, Spring Boot automatically adds a SpringTemplateEngine to your application context. But if you define your own SpringTemplateEngine with your own settings, Spring Boot does not add one. This leaves you in control with little effort on your part.

Spring Boot does not generate code or make edits to your files. Instead, when you start your application, Spring Boot dynamically wires up beans and settings and applies them to your application context.

Starting with Spring Initializr

You can use this pre-initialized project and click Generate to download a ZIP file. This project is configured to fit the examples in this tutorial.

To manually initialize the project:

1. Navigate to https://start.spring.io. This service pulls in all the dependencies you need for an application and does most of the setup for you.
2. Choose either Gradle or Maven and the language you want to use. This guide assumes that you chose Java.
3. Click Dependencies and select Spring Web.
4. Click Generate.
5. Download the resulting ZIP file, which is an archive of a web application that is configured with your choices.

Create a Simple Web Application

Now you can create a web controller for a simple web application, as the following listing (from src/main/java/com/example/springboot/HelloController.java ) shows:

package com.example.springboot; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class HelloController < @GetMapping("/") public String index() < return "Greetings from Spring Boot!"; >>

The class is flagged as a @RestController , meaning it is ready for use by Spring MVC to handle web requests. @GetMapping maps / to the index() method. When invoked from a browser or by using curl on the command line, the method returns pure text. That is because @RestController combines @Controller and @ResponseBody , two annotations that results in web requests returning data rather than a view.

Create an Application class

The Spring Initializr creates a simple application class for you. However, in this case, it is too simple. You need to modify the application class to match the following listing (from src/main/java/com/example/springboot/Application.java ):

package com.example.springboot; import java.util.Arrays; import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; @SpringBootApplication public class Application < public static void main(String[] args) < SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); >@Bean public CommandLineRunner commandLineRunner(ApplicationContext ctx) < return args -> < System.out.println("Let's inspect the beans provided by Spring Boot:"); String[] beanNames = ctx.getBeanDefinitionNames(); Arrays.sort(beanNames); for (String beanName : beanNames) < System.out.println(beanName); >>; > >

@SpringBootApplication is a convenience annotation that adds all of the following:

• @Configuration : Tags the class as a source of bean definitions for the application context.
• @EnableAutoConfiguration : Tells Spring Boot to start adding beans based on classpath settings, other beans, and various property settings. For example, if spring-webmvc is on the classpath, this annotation flags the application as a web application and activates key behaviors, such as setting up a DispatcherServlet .
• @ComponentScan : Tells Spring to look for other components, configurations, and services in the com/example package, letting it find the controllers.

The main() method uses Spring Boot’s SpringApplication.run() method to launch an application. Did you notice that there was not a single line of XML? There is no web.xml file, either. This web application is 100% pure Java and you did not have to deal with configuring any plumbing or infrastructure.

There is also a CommandLineRunner method marked as a @Bean , and this runs on start up. It retrieves all the beans that were created by your application or that were automatically added by Spring Boot. It sorts them and prints them out.

Run the Application

To run the application, run the following command in a terminal window (in the complete ) directory:

If you use Maven, run the following command in a terminal window (in the complete ) directory:

You should see output similar to the following:

Let's inspect the beans provided by Spring Boot: application beanNameHandlerMapping defaultServletHandlerMapping dispatcherServlet embeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor handlerExceptionResolver helloController httpRequestHandlerAdapter messageSource mvcContentNegotiationManager mvcConversionService mvcValidator org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration$DispatcherServletConfiguration org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration$EmbeddedTomcat org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.properties.ServerProperties org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.enhancedConfigurationProcessor org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.importAwareProcessor org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration propertySourcesBinder propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer requestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerMapping resourceHandlerMapping simpleControllerHandlerAdapter tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory viewControllerHandlerMapping

You can clearly see org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure beans. There is also a tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory .

Now run the service with curl (in a separate terminal window), by running the following command (shown with its output):

$ curl localhost:8080 Greetings from Spring Boot!

Источник

Spring Framework 6.0.11

The Spring Framework provides a comprehensive programming and configuration model for modern Java-based enterprise applications — on any kind of deployment platform.

A key element of Spring is infrastructural support at the application level: Spring focuses on the «plumbing» of enterprise applications so that teams can focus on application-level business logic, without unnecessary ties to specific deployment environments.

Support Policy and Migration

For information about minimum requirements, guidance on upgrading from earlier versions and support policies, please check out the official Spring Framework wiki page

Features

• Core technologies: dependency injection, events, resources, i18n, validation, data binding, type conversion, SpEL, AOP.
• Testing: mock objects, TestContext framework, Spring MVC Test, WebTestClient .
• Data Access: transactions, DAO support, JDBC, ORM, Marshalling XML.
• Spring MVC and Spring WebFlux web frameworks.
• Integration: remoting, JMS, JCA, JMX, email, tasks, scheduling, cache and observability.
• Languages: Kotlin, Groovy, dynamic languages.

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