Class URL
Class URL represents a Uniform Resource Locator, a pointer to a «resource» on the World Wide Web. A resource can be something as simple as a file or a directory, or it can be a reference to a more complicated object, such as a query to a database or to a search engine. More information on the types of URLs and their formats can be found at: Types of URL
In general, a URL can be broken into several parts. Consider the following example:
http://www.example.com/docs/resource1.html
The URL above indicates that the protocol to use is http (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and that the information resides on a host machine named www.example.com . The information on that host machine is named /docs/resource1.html . The exact meaning of this name on the host machine is both protocol dependent and host dependent. The information normally resides in a file, but it could be generated on the fly. This component of the URL is called the path component.
A URL can optionally specify a «port», which is the port number to which the TCP connection is made on the remote host machine. If the port is not specified, the default port for the protocol is used instead. For example, the default port for http is 80 . An alternative port could be specified as:
http://www.example.com:1080/docs/resource1.html
The syntax of URL is defined by RFC 2396: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax, amended by RFC 2732: Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URLs. The Literal IPv6 address format also supports scope_ids. The syntax and usage of scope_ids is described here.
A URL may have appended to it a «fragment», also known as a «ref» or a «reference». The fragment is indicated by the sharp sign character «#» followed by more characters. For example,
http://www.example.com/index.html#chapter1
This fragment is not technically part of the URL. Rather, it indicates that after the specified resource is retrieved, the application is specifically interested in that part of the document that has the tag chapter1 attached to it. The meaning of a tag is resource specific.
An application can also specify a «relative URL», which contains only enough information to reach the resource relative to another URL. Relative URLs are frequently used within HTML pages. For example, if the contents of the URL:
http://www.example.com/index.html
The relative URL need not specify all the components of a URL. If the protocol, host name, or port number is missing, the value is inherited from the fully specified URL. The file component must be specified. The optional fragment is not inherited.
The URL class does not itself encode or decode any URL components according to the escaping mechanism defined in RFC2396. It is the responsibility of the caller to encode any fields, which need to be escaped prior to calling URL, and also to decode any escaped fields, that are returned from URL. Furthermore, because URL has no knowledge of URL escaping, it does not recognise equivalence between the encoded or decoded form of the same URL. For example, the two URLs:
http://foo.com/hello world/ and http://foo.com/hello%20world
Note, the URI class does perform escaping of its component fields in certain circumstances. The recommended way to manage the encoding and decoding of URLs is to use URI , and to convert between these two classes using toURI() and URI.toURL() .
The URLEncoder and URLDecoder classes can also be used, but only for HTML form encoding, which is not the same as the encoding scheme defined in RFC2396.
API Note: Applications working with file paths and file URIs should take great care to use the appropriate methods to convert between the two. The Path.of(URI) factory method and the File(URI) constructor can be used to create Path or File objects from a file URI. Path.toUri() and File.toURI() can be used to create a URI from a file path, which can be converted to URL using URI.toURL() . Applications should never try to construct or parse a URL from the direct string representation of a File or Path instance.
Some components of a URL or URI, such as userinfo, may be abused to construct misleading URLs or URIs. Applications that deal with URLs or URIs should take into account the recommendations advised in RFC3986, Section 7, Security Considerations.
Constructor Summary
Method Summary
Returns a URLConnection instance that represents a connection to the remote object referred to by the URL .
Same as openConnection() , except that the connection will be made through the specified proxy; Protocol handlers that do not support proxying will ignore the proxy parameter and make a normal connection.
Methods declared in class java.lang.Object
Constructor Details
URL
- If the application has previously set up an instance of URLStreamHandlerFactory as the stream handler factory, then the createURLStreamHandler method of that instance is called with the protocol string as an argument to create the stream protocol handler.
- If no URLStreamHandlerFactory has yet been set up, or if the factory’s createURLStreamHandler method returns null , then the ServiceLoader mechanism is used to locate URLStreamHandlerProvider implementations using the system class loader. The order that providers are located is implementation specific, and an implementation is free to cache the located providers. A ServiceConfigurationError, Error or RuntimeException thrown from the createURLStreamHandler , if encountered, will be propagated to the calling thread. The createURLStreamHandler method of each provider, if instantiated, is invoked, with the protocol string, until a provider returns non-null, or all providers have been exhausted.
- If the previous step fails to find a protocol handler, the constructor reads the value of the system property:
If the value of that system property is not null , it is interpreted as a list of packages separated by a vertical slash character ‘ | ‘. The constructor tries to load the class named:
No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.
URL
Creates a URL from the specified protocol name, host name, and file name. The default port for the specified protocol is used. This constructor is equivalent to the four-argument constructor with the only difference of using the default port for the specified protocol. No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.
URL
public URL (String protocol, String host, int port, String file, URLStreamHandler handler) throws MalformedURLException
Creates a URL object from the specified protocol , host , port number, file , and handler . Specifying a port number of -1 indicates that the URL should use the default port for the protocol. Specifying a handler of null indicates that the URL should use a default stream handler for the protocol, as outlined for: URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int, java.lang.String) If the handler is not null and there is a security manager, the security manager’s checkPermission method is called with a NetPermission(«specifyStreamHandler») permission. This may result in a SecurityException. No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.
URL
Creates a URL object from the String representation. This constructor is equivalent to a call to the two-argument constructor with a null first argument.
URL
Creates a URL by parsing the given spec within a specified context. The new URL is created from the given context URL and the spec argument as described in RFC2396 «Uniform Resource Identifiers : Generic * Syntax» :
The reference is parsed into the scheme, authority, path, query and fragment parts. If the path component is empty and the scheme, authority, and query components are undefined, then the new URL is a reference to the current document. Otherwise, the fragment and query parts present in the spec are used in the new URL. If the scheme component is defined in the given spec and does not match the scheme of the context, then the new URL is created as an absolute URL based on the spec alone. Otherwise the scheme component is inherited from the context URL. If the authority component is present in the spec then the spec is treated as absolute and the spec authority and path will replace the context authority and path. If the authority component is absent in the spec then the authority of the new URL will be inherited from the context. If the spec’s path component begins with a slash character «/» then the path is treated as absolute and the spec path replaces the context path. Otherwise, the path is treated as a relative path and is appended to the context path, as described in RFC2396. Also, in this case, the path is canonicalized through the removal of directory changes made by occurrences of «..» and «.». For a more detailed description of URL parsing, refer to RFC2396.
URL
Creates a URL by parsing the given spec with the specified handler within a specified context. If the handler is null, the parsing occurs as with the two argument constructor.
java.net.MalformedURLException: unknown protocol: https
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Error Message
An error message may occur while making a request to an ArcWeb Service by one of these methods:
1. Using the WSDL2Java command with Axis Web service toolkit to point to a URL of a WSDL on an https server.
Code:
java org.apache.axis.wsdl.WSDL2Java
https://arcweb.esri.com/services/v2006_1/AddressFinder?wsdl
2. Creating stubs using an http URL and then binding those stubs to an https URL.
Code:
URL url = new URL("https://arcweb.esri.com/services/v1/Authentication");
Authentication auth = new AuthenticationLocator();
IAuthentication iauth = auth.getIAuthentication(url);
Code:
java.net.MalformedURLException: unknown protocol: https
Cause
You are using a version of the Java Developer Kit (JDK) that was released prior to JDK 1.4.
Solution or Workaround
- Open the master security properties file found at
%JAVA_HOME%\jre\lib\security\java.security
Code:
security.provider.N=com.sun.net.ssl.internal.www.protocol
Code:
Java -D java.protocol.handler.pkgs=com.sun.net.ssl.internal.www.protocol org.apache.axis.wsdl.WSDL2Java
https://arcweb.esri.com/services/v2006_1/AddressFinder?wsdl -p esri.aws.v2006_1.axisstubs -v
Note: Before binding the URL of the WSDL in the JSP code, these lines should be included:
Code:
System.setProperty("java.protocol.handler.pkgs","com.sun.net.ssl.internal.www.protocol");
Security.addProvider(new com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Provider());
HTTPS
Https соединение не находит сертификат
На одном и том же сайте разделы разделы прилинкованы к разным доменным именам. Разные имена имеют.
Как заставить web сервер из JSWDK 1.0.1 обрабатывать запросы по https?
Hi, all. Может кто подскажет, как заставить web сервер из JSWDK 1.0.1 обрабатывать запросы по.
Отправка данных JSON через POST-запрос на сервер https
Прошу помочь, может кто имел опыт отправки и получения данных посредством json через POST-запрос на.
HTTP, FTP, HTTPS, SOCKS — как написать прокси под это?
Привет Всем! Вот пытаюсь написать проксик для вышеуказанных протоколов. До сегодняшнего дня.
А как Вам надо с ним работать? Создали URL с протоколом https, дальше по идее Java всё сделает самостоятельно.
P.S. Первая же ссылка в google при поиске Java HTTPS:
Https and 127.0.0.1
с сайта посылается запрос(post) по протоколу https на 127.0.0.1 . На локалхосте запущен сервер.
Регистрация через HTTPS
Я написал RMI Сервер с регистрацией, теперь мне нужно чтобы данные для регистрации передавались.
HTTPS response code
Добрый вечер. Пытаюсь получить response code таким образом: URL siteURL = new.
что за протокол https ?
строка URL url = new URL(‘https://star/’); мне выдаётся MalformedURLException :unknown protocol .
HttpS и http в одном проекте
Добрый день, подскажите пожалуйста, такое вообще возможно? Имеет ли смысл подобное вообще гуглить.
JavaSE, HTTP, HTTPS сервер
Всем привет. Вопрос такой. Хочу написать свой высоко нагруженный сервер HTTP, HTTPS, Socket на.