Java string touppercase first letter

Capitalize last letter and Lowercase first letter of a word in Java

String is a sequence of character values. In Java, Strings are considered as objects. We have a String class provided by Java for creating and manipulating strings.

We have to convert the first letter of the word to lowercase and last letter of the word to uppercase.

In this article we will see how the first and last letter can be converted into lower and upper case respectively. Let’s explore.

To Show You Some Instances

Instance-1

Suppose the input string is “Hello”

After converting the first letter to lower and last letter to capital, the new string will be “hellO”

Instance-2

Suppose the input string is “Java”

After converting the first letter to lower and last letter to capital, the new string will be “javA”

Instance-3

Suppose the input string is “Programming”

After converting the first letter to lower and last letter to capital, the new string will be “programminG”

Syntax

To get the length of the String Java String class provides a length() method.

Below is the syntax for that −

Where, str is the string variable.

To get a substring of the original string Java String class provides a substring() method.

Syntax

Below is the syntax for that −

str.substring(int startIndex); str.substring(int startIndex, int endIndex);

Where, startIndex is inclusive and endIndex is exclusive.

To get a character at a specified index Java String class provides the charAt() method.

Syntax

Below is the syntax for that −

Where, index refers to the index of the character that you need.

To convert different types of values to String value Java String class provides valueOf() method.

Syntax

Below is the syntax for that −

Algorithm

Note − This problem can be solved with the Array concept also. But here we have tried to solve the problem without using the array concept. Also we have used only inbuilt methods of String Class.

Algorithm-1

• Step 1 − Get the string/word either by initialization or by user input.
• Step 2 − Get the first and last letter by using the substring() method. Then convert it to lower and upper case by using toLowerCase() method and toUpperCase() method respectively.
• Step 3 − Get the middle characters (except first and last character) with the help of substring() method.
• Step 4 − Combine first, middle and last value and get the final string/word.

Algorithm-2

• Step 1 − Get the string/word either by initialization or by user input.
• Step 2 − Get the first and last letter by using charAt() method. Then convert it to lower and upper case by using toLowerCase() method and toUpperCase() method respectively.
• Step 3 − Get the middle characters (except first and last character) with the help of charAt() method and a for loop.
• Step 4 − Then combine first, middle and last value and get the final string/word.

Multiple Approaches

We have provided the solution in different approaches.

Let’s see the program along with its output one by one.

Approach-1: By Using Inbuilt substring Method

Example

In this approach, we will make use of Algorithm-1

import java.util.Scanner; public class Main < public static void main(String[] args) < //input string String str = "Java"; System.out.println("Original string is: "+str); //get size of the string int size = str.length(); //get last character and convert it to upper case String last = str.substring(size-1,size); String lastinUpper = last.toUpperCase(); //get first character and convert it to lower case String first = str.substring(0,1); String firstinLower = first.toLowerCase(); //get middle parts of the word, except first and last character String middle = str.substring(1,size-1); //combine everything and get the final string String result = firstinLower+middle+lastinUpper; //print result System.out.println("Updated string is: "+result); >>

Output

Original string is: Java Updated string is: javA

Approach-2: By Using Inbuilt charAt() Method

Example

In this approach, we will make use of Algorithm-2

public class Main < public static void main(String[] args) < //input String String str = "Python"; System.out.println("Original string: "+str); //get length of string int size = str.length(); //find last character and convert it to upper case char last = str.charAt(size-1); String finalLast = (String.valueOf(last)).toUpperCase(); //find first character and convert it to lowercase char first = str.charAt(0); String finalFirst = (String.valueOf(first)).toLowerCase(); //find middle characters String middle=""; for(int i=1; i//find the updated string String result = finalFirst+middle+finalLast; System.out.println("Updated string: "+result); > >

Output

Original string: Python Updated string: pythoN

In this article, we explored how to convert the first letter of a word to lowercase and last letter of the word to upper case in Java by using different approaches.

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Java string touppercase first letter

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Capitalize the First Letter of a String in Java

1. Capitalize the First Letter of a String Using upperCaseFirst() Associated With toCharArray() Method
2. Capitalize the First Letter of a String Using toUpperCase() and appendTail() Methods
3. Capitalize the First Letter of a String Using String.substring()
4. Capitalize the First Letter of a String Using String.substring() Method With Function capitalize()

This tutorial article will introduce how to capitalize the first letter of a string using Java. There are some common methods which are used to convert the first letter of a given string value to upper case. The different methods are upperCaseFirst() along with toCharArray() , toUpperCase() and appendTail() methods, String.substring() method and capitalize() function along with String.substring() method. Let us discuss each method implementations through examples.

Capitalize the First Letter of a String Using upperCaseFirst() Associated With toCharArray() Method

In this process, we introduce the upperCaseFirst() method that receives a string value and converts it into an array of characters. Then, we use the Character class and toUpperCase() method to capitalize the first element in the character array. In conclusion, we convert the updated character array into a string using the String Constructor . Let us follow the below example.

import java.util.*; import java.lang.*; import java.io.*;  public class Main   public static String upperCaseFirst(String val)   char[] arr = val.toCharArray();  arr[0] = Character.toUpperCase(arr[0]);  return new String(arr);  >   public static void main(String[] args)   String val1 = "java";  String val2 = "advanced java";   String output = upperCaseFirst(val1);  System.out.println(val1);  System.out.println(output);   output = upperCaseFirst(val2);  System.out.println(val2);  System.out.println(output);  > > 

java Java advanced java Advanced java 

Capitalize the First Letter of a String Using toUpperCase() and appendTail() Methods

In the way out, 2 different methods come into picture which are toUpperCase() and appendTail() . For implementing these 2 methods within a single application, regex.Matcher and regex.Pattern packages are imported. The below example will explain these in detail.

import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern;  public class Main   public static void main(String[] args)   String str = "hello world!";  System.out.println(str);  StringBuffer strbf = new StringBuffer();  Matcher match = Pattern.compile("([a-z])([a-z]*)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE).matcher(str);  while(match.find())    match.appendReplacement(strbf, match.group(1).toUpperCase() + match.group(2).toLowerCase());  >  System.out.println(match.appendTail(strbf).toString())  > > 

Capitalize the First Letter of a String Using String.substring()

The simplest and easiest trick to capitalize the first letter of a given string is using the String.substring() method. Let us discuss in the below example.

import java.util.*;  public class Main   public static void main(String[] args)   String str = "java";  String firstLtr = str.substring(0, 1);  String restLtrs = str.substring(1, str.length());   firstLtr = firstLtr.toUpperCase();  str = firstLtr + restLtrs;  System.out.println("The modified string is: "+str);  > > 

The modified string is: Java 

In the above example, we created one string variable — str . Then we formed two substrings from str , where the firstLtr represents the first letter of the string and the restLtrs represent the remaining letters of the string. In the concluding part, we converted the firstLtr to upper case using the toUpperCase() method and joined the two substrings forming the string itself.

Capitalize the First Letter of a String Using String.substring() Method With Function capitalize()

In this last example, we will use a functional capitalize() to ensure that the given string has at least one character before using the String.substring() method.

import java.util.*;  public class Main   public static String capitalize(String str)  if(str == null || str.isEmpty())   return str;  >  return str.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + str.substring(1);  >   public static void main(String[] args)   String str = "hello world!";  String firstLtr = str.substring(0, 1);  String restLtrs = str.substring(1, str.length());   firstLtr = firstLtr.toUpperCase();  str = firstLtr + restLtrs;  System.out.println("The modified string is: "+str);  > > 

The modified string is: Hello world! 

Related Article — Java String

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How to capitalize first letter in java

Here are the steps to capitalize first letter of each word.

• Split String by space and assign it String array words
• Iterate over the String array words and do following:
  • Get first letter of String firstLetter using str.substring(0,1) .
  • Get remaining String remainingLetters using str.substring(1) .
  • Convert first letter of String firstLetter to upper Case using toUpperCase() method.
  • Concatenate both the String firstLetter and remainingLetters .

  That’s all about How to capitalize first letter in java.

  Further reading:

  Count occurrences of Character in String in Java

  Count number of words in a String

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