: The Anchor element

The HTML element (or anchor element), with its href attribute, creates a hyperlink to web pages, files, email addresses, locations in the same page, or anything else a URL can address.

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Attributes

This element’s attributes include the global attributes.

Causes the browser to treat the linked URL as a download. Can be used with or without a filename value:

• Without a value, the browser will suggest a filename/extension, generated from various sources:
  • The Content-Disposition HTTP header
  • The final segment in the URL path
  • The media type (from the Content-Type header, the start of a data: URL, or Blob.type for a blob: URL)
  • download only works for same-origin URLs, or the blob: and data: schemes.
  • How browsers treat downloads varies by browser, user settings, and other factors. The user may be prompted before a download starts, or the file may be saved automatically, or it may open automatically, either in an external application or in the browser itself.
  • If the Content-Disposition header has different information from the download attribute, resulting behavior may differ:
    • If the header specifies a filename , it takes priority over a filename specified in the download attribute.
    • If the header specifies a disposition of inline , Chrome and Firefox prioritize the attribute and treat it as a download. Old Firefox versions (before 82) prioritize the header and will display the content inline.

    The URL that the hyperlink points to. Links are not restricted to HTTP-based URLs — they can use any URL scheme supported by browsers:

    • Sections of a page with document fragments
    • Specific text portions with text fragments
    • Pieces of media files with media fragments
    • Telephone numbers with tel: URLs
    • Email addresses with mailto: URLs
    • While web browsers may not support other URL schemes, websites can with registerProtocolHandler()

    Hints at the human language of the linked URL. No built-in functionality. Allowed values are the same as the global lang attribute.

    A space-separated list of URLs. When the link is followed, the browser will send POST requests with the body PING to the URLs. Typically for tracking.

    How much of the referrer to send when following the link.

    • no-referrer : The Referer header will not be sent.
    • no-referrer-when-downgrade : The Referer header will not be sent to origins without TLS (HTTPS).
    • origin : The sent referrer will be limited to the origin of the referring page: its scheme, host, and port.
    • origin-when-cross-origin : The referrer sent to other origins will be limited to the scheme, the host, and the port. Navigations on the same origin will still include the path.
    • same-origin : A referrer will be sent for same origin, but cross-origin requests will contain no referrer information.
    • strict-origin : Only send the origin of the document as the referrer when the protocol security level stays the same (HTTPS→HTTPS), but don’t send it to a less secure destination (HTTPS→HTTP).
    • strict-origin-when-cross-origin (default): Send a full URL when performing a same-origin request, only send the origin when the protocol security level stays the same (HTTPS→HTTPS), and send no header to a less secure destination (HTTPS→HTTP).
    • unsafe-url : The referrer will include the origin and the path (but not the fragment, password, or username). This value is unsafe, because it leaks origins and paths from TLS-protected resources to insecure origins.

    The relationship of the linked URL as space-separated link types.

    Where to display the linked URL, as the name for a browsing context (a tab, window, or ). The following keywords have special meanings for where to load the URL:

    • _self : the current browsing context. (Default)
    • _blank : usually a new tab, but users can configure browsers to open a new window instead.
    • _parent : the parent browsing context of the current one. If no parent, behaves as _self .
    • _top : the topmost browsing context (the «highest» context that’s an ancestor of the current one). If no ancestors, behaves as _self .

    Note: Setting target=»_blank» on elements implicitly provides the same rel behavior as setting rel=»noopener» which does not set window.opener .

    Hints at the linked URL’s format with a MIME type. No built-in functionality.

    Deprecated attributes

    Hinted at the character encoding of the linked URL.

    Note: This attribute is deprecated and should not be used by authors. Use the HTTP Content-Type header on the linked URL.

    Used with the shape attribute. A comma-separated list of coordinates.

    Was required to define a possible target location in a page. In HTML 4.01, id and name could both be used on , as long as they had identical values.

    Note: Use the global attribute id instead.

    Specified a reverse link; the opposite of the rel attribute. Deprecated for being very confusing.

    The shape of the hyperlink’s region in an image map.

    Источник

    Lesson 8: Links

    In this lesson, you will learn how to make links between pages.

    What do I need to make a link?

    To make links, you use what you always use when coding HTML: an element. A simple element with one attribute and you will be able to link to anything and everything. Here is an example of what a link to HTML.net could look like:

    Example 1:

    Would look like this in the browser:

    What about links between my own pages?

    If you want to make a link between pages on the same website, you do not need to spell out the entire address (URL) for the document. For example, if you have made two pages (let us call them page1.htm and page2.htm) and saved them in the same folder you can make a link from one page to the other by only typing the name of the file in the link. Under such circumstances a link from page1.htm to page2.htm could look like this:

    Example 2:

    If page 2 were placed in a subfolder (named «subfolder»), the link could look like this:

    Example 3:

    The other way around, a link from page 2 (in the subfolder) to page 1 would look like this:

    Example 4:

    «../» points to the folder one level up from position of the file from which the link is made. Following the same system, you can also point two (or more) folders up by writing «../../».

    Did you understand the system? Alternatively, you can always type the complete address for the file (URL).

    What about links within a page?

    You can also create internal links within a page. For example a table of contents at the top with links to each chapter below. All you need to use is a very useful attribute called id (identification) and the pound symbol «#».

    Use the id attribute to mark the element to which you want to link. For example:

    You can now create a link to that element by using «#» in the link attribute. The «#» must be followed by the id of the tag you want to link to. For example:

    All will become clear with an example:

    Example 5:

       
    Link to heading 1
     
    Link to heading 2
     
    heading 1
     
    Text text text text
     
    heading 2
     
    Text text text text
        

    Looks like this in the browser (click on the two links):

    Heading 1

    Heading 2

    (Note: An id attribute must start with a letter)

    Can I link to anything else?

    You can also make a link to an e-mail address. It is done in almost the same way as when you link to a document:

    Example 6:

    will look like this in the browser:

    The only difference between a link to an e-mail and a link to a file is that instead of typing the address of a document, you type mailto: followed by an e-mail address. When the link is clicked, the default e-mail program opens with a new blank message addressed to the specified e-mail address. Please note that this function will only work if there is an e-mail program installed on your computer. Give it a try!

    Are there any other attributes I should know of?

    To create a link, you always have to use the href attribute. In addition, you can also put a title on your link:

    Example 7:

    Would look like this in the browser:

    The title attribute is used to type a short description of the link. If you — without clicking — place the cursor over the link, you will see the text «Visit HTML.net and learn HTML» appears.

    Источник

    Lesson 8: Links

    In this lesson, you will learn how to make links between pages.

    What do I need to make a link?

    To make links, you use what you always use when coding HTML: an element. A simple element with one attribute and you will be able to link to anything and everything. Here is an example of what a link to HTML.net could look like:

    Example 1:

    Would look like this in the browser:

    The element a stands for «anchor». And the attribute href is short for «hypertext reference», which specifies where the link leads to — typically an address on the internet or a file name.

    What about links between my own pages?

    If you want to make a link between pages on the same website, you do not need to spell out the entire address (URL) for the document. For example, if you have made two pages (let us call them page1.htm and page2.htm) and saved them in the same folder you can make a link from one page to the other by only typing the name of the file in the link. Under such circumstances a link from page1.htm to page2.htm could look like this:

    Example 2:

    If page 2 were placed in a subfolder (named «subfolder»), the link could look like this:

    Example 3:

    The other way around, a link from page 2 (in the subfolder) to page 1 would look like this:

    Example 4:

    «../» points to the folder one level up from position of the file from which the link is made. Following the same system, you can also point two (or more) folders up by writing «../../».

    Did you understand the system? Alternatively, you can always type the complete address for the file (URL).

    What about internal links within a page?

    You can also create internal links within a page — for example a table of contents at the top with links to each chapter below. All you need to use is a very useful attribute called id (identification) and the symbol «#».

    Use the id attribute to mark the element to which you want to link. For example:

    You can now create a link to that element by using «#» in the link attribute. The «#» must be followed by the id of the tag you want to link to. For example:

    All will become clear with an example:

    Example 5:

       
    Link to heading 1
     
    Link to heading 2
     
    heading 1
     
    Text text text text
     
    heading 2
     
    Text text text text
        

    will look like this in the browser (click on the two links):

    Heading 1

    Heading 2

    (Note: An id attribute must start with a letter)

    Can I link to anything else?

    You can also make a link to an e-mail address. It is done in almost the same way as when you link to a document:

    Example 6:

    will look like this in the browser:

    The only difference between a link to an e-mail and a link to a file is that instead of typing the address of a document, you type mailto: followed by an e-mail address. When the link is clicked, the default e-mail program opens with a new blank message addressed to the specified e-mail address. Please note that this function will only work if there is an e-mail program installed on your computer. Give it a try!

    Are there any other attributes I should know of?

    To create a link, you always have to use the href attribute. In addition, you can also put a title on your link:

    Example 7:

    Would look like this in the browser:

    The title attribute is used to type a short description of the link. If you — without clicking — place the cursor over the link, you will see the text «Visit HTML.net and learn HTML» appears.

    Источник

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