Html body full width

Блок на весь экран | CSS

If the height of the containing block is not specified explicitly (i.e., it depends on content height), and this element is not absolutely positioned, the percentage value is treated as ‘0’ (for ‘min-height’) or ‘none’ (for ‘max-height’). [w3.org]

html, body < height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; overflow: hidden; >body < overflow: auto; /* добавить полосу прокрутки */ > main

Блок шириной на весь экран монитора выровнять по центру окна браузера

У многих сайтов, в том числе у «Шпаргалки блоггера» содержание ограничено определённой шириной и горизонтально выравнивается по середине экрана.

Для того, чтобы контент выходил за пределы этих 1200px , но был ограничен шириной окна браузера, достаточно такого кода:

Картинка на весь экран CSS

Особенно здорово смотрятся изображения. Они занимают необходимое им пространство, но не более ширины окна браузера.

Код немного доработан, опираясь на статью «Размер изображения меняется при изменении экрана браузера». Там же написан соответствующий вариант для видео.

7 комментариев:

Agent_Smith Полезная штука, спасибо Вам) NMitra Для себя делала :)) Другие прописывают max-width для каждого отдельного тега (p, pre и т.п.), а не для всей колонки main. Анонимный С высотой блока не работает. просто по ширине экрана, ниже обрезается и никуда не скролится NMitra Ничего не поняла 🙂 Приведите пример, пожалуйста. Анонимный о Иван Сафронов не работает данный метод NMitra Так не может быть: на данной странице ведь работает. Покажите URL, где внедрён код и поясните что именно хотите сделать. Например, блок с заголовком «Популярное».

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HTML vs Body: How to Set Width and Height for Full Page Size

Dave Gray

CSS is difficult but also forgiving. And this forgiveness allows us to haphazardly throw styles into our CSS.

Our page still loads. There is no «crash».

When it comes to page width and height, do you know what to set on the HTML element? How about the body element?

Do you just slap the styles into both elements and hope for the best?

If you do, you’re not alone.

The answers to those questions are not intuitive.

I’m 100% guilty of applying styles to both elements in the past without considering exactly which property should be applied to which element. 🤦‍♂️

It is not uncommon to see CSS properties applied to both the HTML and body elements like this:

Does It Matter?

The above style definition creates a problem:

Setting min-height to 100% on both elements does not allow the body element to fill the page like you might expect. If you check the computed style values in dev tools, the body element has a height of zero.

Meanwhile, the HTML element has a height equal to the visible part of the page in the browser.

Look at the following screenshot from Chrome Dev Tools:

Why Does This Happen?

Using a percentage as a size value requires the element to reference a parent to base that percentage on.

The HTML element references the viewport which has a height value equal to the visible viewport height. However, we only set a min-height on the HTML element. NOT a height property value.

Therefore, the body element has no parent height value to reference when deciding what 100% is equal to.

And The Problem May Be Hidden

If you started out with enough content to fill the body of the page, you might not have noticed this issue.

And to make it more difficult to notice, if you set a background-color on both elements or even on just one of them, the viewport is full of that color. This gives the impression the body element is as tall as the viewport.

It’s not. It’s still at zero.

The image above is taken from a page with the following CSS:

Reverse-inheritance?

In a strange twist, the HTML element assumes the background-color of the body element if you don’t set a separate background-color on the html element.

So What is the Ideal Height Setting for a Full Responsive Page?

For years, the answer was the following:

This allows the HTML element to reference the parent viewport and have a height value equal to 100% of the viewport value.

With the HTML element receiving a height value, the min-height value assigned to the body element gives it an initial height that matches the HTML element.

This also allows the body to to grow taller if the content outgrows the visible page.

The only drawback is the HTML element does not grow beyond the height of the visible viewport. However, allowing the body element to outgrow the HTML element has been considered acceptable.

The Modern Solution is Simplified

This example uses vh (viewport height) units to allow the body to set a minimum height value based upon the full height of the viewport.

Like the previously discussed background-color, if we do not set a height value for the HTML element, it will assume the same value for height that is given to the body element.

Therefore, this solution avoids the HTML element overflow present in the previous solution and both elements grow with your content!

The use of vh units did cause some mobile browser issues in the past, but it appears that Chrome and Safari are consistent with viewport units now.

Page Height May Cause a Horizontal Scrollbar

Shouldn’t this say «Page Width»?

In another strange series of events, your page height may activate the horizontal scrollbar in your browser.

When your page content grows taller than the viewport height, the vertical scrollbar on the right is activated. This can cause your page to instantly have a horizontal scrollbar as well.

So What is the Fix?

You may sleep better knowing it starts with a page width setting.

This problem arises when any element — not just the HTML or body element — is set to 100vw (viewport width) units.

The viewport units do not account for the approximate 10 pixels that the vertical scrollbar takes up.

Therefore, when the vertical scrollbar activates you also get a horizontal scrollbar.

How to Set the Page for Full Width

Not setting a width on the HTML and body elements will default to the full size of the screen. If you do set a width value other than auto, consider utilizing a CSS reset first.

Remember, by default the body element has 8px of margin on all sides.

A CSS reset removes this. Otherwise, setting the width to 100% before removing the margins will cause the body element to overflow. Here’s the CSS reset I use:

How to Set Width to Your Preference

While it may not always be necessary to set a width, I usually do.

If you set the width to 100% on the body element you will have a full page width. This is essentially equivalent to not setting a width value and allowing the default.

If you want to use the body element as a smaller container and let the HTML element fill the page, you could set a max-width value on the body.

Conclusion

With no height value provided for the HTML element, setting the height and/or min-height of the body element to 100% results in no height (before you add content).

However, with no width value provided for the HTML element, setting the width of the body element to 100% results in full page width.

This can be counterintuitive and confusing.

For a responsive full page height, set the body element min-height to 100vh.

If you set a page width, choose 100% over 100vw to avoid surprise horizontal scrollbars.

I’ll leave you with a tutorial from my YouTube channel demonstrating the CSS height and width settings for an HTML page that is full screen size and grows with the content it contains:

Do you have a different way of setting the CSS width and height that you prefer?

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CSS Height Full Page CSS gotcha: How to fill page with a div?

So let’s say you want a div that fills up entire page.

div  height: 100%; width: 100%; font-size: 20px; background-color: lightskyblue; > 

What?! It doesn’t work! The height still only takes up the content, but not the whole page.

The width is good since a div is by default a block element, which takes as much width as possible anyways.

Can we just use a more «absolute» value like px ?

div  /* height: 100% */ height: 865px; /* current height of my browser */ /* . */ > 

It works. until the browser is resized It doesn’t adapt when the browser is resized. You can use JS for this, but that’s way overkill for what we wanted.

I mentioned px is «absolute», but only in the sense that they are not relative to anything else (like rem and vh). But the actual size still depends on the device. Here’s some details:

Relative units to the rescue!

Old school height: 100%

html, body  height: 100%; width: 100%; > div  height: 100%; /* . */ > 

Works! (We’ll fix the scrollbars later) By setting both and its child to 100% height, we achieve the full size. Note that only setting either of them won’t work, since percentage is always relative to another value. In this case:

• div is 100% the height of the body
• body is 100% the height of the html
• html is 100% the height of the Viewport

Viewport is the visible area of the browser, which varies by device.

For example, an iPhone 6/7/8 has a 375×667 viewport. You can verify this on your browser dev tools mobile options.

For now, you can think about viewport as the device pixel size or resolution. But if you want to go deep:

newer solution: viewport units vh and vw

Viewport-percentage lengths aka Viewport units have been around for a while now, and is perfect for responding to browser resizes.

• 1 viewport height ( 1vh ) = 1% of viewport height
• 1 viewport width ( 1vw ) = 1% of viewport width

In other words, 100vh = 100% of the viewport height

100vw = 100% of the viewport width

So these effectively fills up the device viewport.

html, body  /* height: 100%; */ /* width: 100% */ > div  /* height: 100%; width: 100%; */ height: 100vh; width: 100vw; /* . */ > 

Looks good too! (We’ll fix the scrollbars later)

As mentioned in the comments by @angelsixuk and @mpuckett , there is a known jumping behavior during scrolling when using 100vh on mobile browsers, which is an issue but considered intentional by webkit. See these links for details: Viewport height is taller than the visible part of the document in some mobile browsers and Stack Overflow: CSS3 100vh not constant in mobile browser

How about min-height: 100vh ?

While height fixes the length at 100vh , min-height starts at 100vh but allows content to extend the div beyond that length. If content is less than the length specified, min-height has no effect.

In other words, min-height makes sure the element is at least that length, and overrides height if height is defined and smaller than min-height .

For our goal of having a div child with full height and width, it doesn’t make any difference since the content is also at full size.

A good use case of min-height is for having a sticky footer that gets pushed when there is more content on the page. Check this out here and other good uses of vh

A very common practice is to apply height: 100vh and width: 100vw to directly.

In this case, we can even keep the container div relatively sized like in the beginning, in case we change our minds later.

And with this approach, we assure that our entire DOM body occupies full height and width regardless of our container div.

body  height: 100vh; width: 100vw; > div  height: 100%; width: 100%; /* height: 100vh; width: 100vw; */ /* . */ > 

vh/vw versus %

A good way of thinking about vh, vw vs % is that they are analogous to em and rem

% and em are both relative to the parent size, while vw/vh and rem are both relative to «the highest reference», root font size for rem and device viewport for vh/vw.

But why the scrollbar?

and have default margins and paddings!

Browsers feature a default margin, padding and borders to HTML elements. And the worst part is it’s different for each browser!

Chrome default for has a margin: 8px

And 100vh + 8px causes an overflow, since it’s more than the viewport

Luckily, it’s fairly easy to fix that:

html, body  margin: 0; padding: 0; > body . 

This is a «blanket» solution that would cover all margin and padding variations for any browser you might have.

Cool! Now we have our div filling up the page without scrollbars!

Finally, let’s add a little padding, since it’s awkward that the content is right on the edges.

What?! The scrollbar is back! What happened?

box-sizing border-box

box-sizing allows you to define whether the padding and border is included in the div’s height and width.

The default content-box of box-sizing doesn’t include padding and border in the length, so div becomes

border-box includes padding and border, so div stays at our required sizes:

It’s quite common to set all elements to border-box for a consistent layout and sizing throughout pages, using * selector:

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