File extension used in html

Common File Types and File Extensions

Jennifer Kyrnin is a professional web developer who assists others in learning web design, HTML, CSS, and XML.

Even though most websites are run on Unix web servers that, like Macs, don’t require file extensions, these extensions help differentiate files. A file name and extension indicates the type of file, how the web server uses it, and how you can access it.

Common File Types

The most common files on web servers are:

Web Pages

Two extensions are standard for web pages: .html and .htm. There’s no difference between them, and you can use either on most web servers.

As the original extension for HTML pages on Unix web hosting machines, .html indicates a file that uses HTML (HyperText Markup Language) or XHTML (EXtensible HyperText Markup Language).

Windows/DOS required three-character file extensions, which gave rise to the .htm extension. This also references HTML and XHTML files and can be used on any web server, regardless of the operating system.

The default page in a directory on most web servers typically has an index.htm or index.html extension. Visitors to your website don’t have to enter either of these two extensions in the address bar, as long as you’ve given the home page one of them. For example, http://thoughtco.com/index.htm goes to the same place as http://thoughtco.com.

Some web servers are set up to call a home page default.htm, which you can change if you have access to the server configuration.

Images

The most common types of image files online are GIF, JPG, and PNG. All browsers can display them, and web designers use the format that’s best for their particular applications.

GIF

GIF (graphic interchange format) is a lossless format first developed by CompuServe for both animated and static images. It works best for images with flat colors and short animated snippets. It offers the ability to index colors to make sure that they contain only web-safe colors (or an otherwise small palette of colors), keeping file size small.

JPG

The JPG (aka JPEG) format was created by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (hence, the acronym) for photographic images. If an image has photographic qualities without expanses of flat color, it is well suited to this file format. A photograph saved with the .jpg or .jpeg extension is typically compressed, yielding a smaller file size than a .gif file.

PNG

The PNG (Portable Network Graphic) format was made for the web, with better compression, color, and transparency than GIF files. PNGs don’t have to have the .png extension, but that’s how you’ll most often see them.

Scripts

Scripts are files that activate dynamic actions on websites. There are many types, but you’ll see the following most often.

.js (JavaScript)

You can load JavaScript files into the web page itself, or you can place JavaScript in an external file and call it from there. If you write your JavaScript into the web page, you won’t see the .js extension, because it’s part of the HTML file.

.java or .class

These two extensions are often associated with Java programs. Although you probably won’t come across a .java or .class extension on a web page, these files are often used to generate Java applets for web pages.

Java is a completely different programming language from JavaScript.

Other File Types

A few other extensions you might encounter refer to files that typically augment function and flexibility on a website.

.php and .php3

The .php extension is nearly as common as .html and .htm on web pages. This extension indicates a page written with PHP, an open-source, easy-to-learn language that facilitates scripting, macros, and includes on a website.

.shtm and .shtml

These denote files that use server-side includes—coding that lives in separate files that are called into the page. Essentially, this allows you to include one web page inside another and add macro-like actions to your websites.

.asp

This extension denotes an Active Server Page. ASP provides scripting, macros, and includes, along with database connectivity and more. It is most often found on Windows web servers.

.cfm and .cfml

These extensions are given to ColdFusion files. ColdFusion is a powerful server-side content management tool that brings macros, scripting, and more to your web pages.

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Common MIME types

This topic lists the most common MIME types with corresponding document types, ordered by their common extensions.

The following two important MIME types are the default types:

• text/plain is the default value for textual files. A textual file should be human-readable and must not contain binary data.
• application/octet-stream is the default value for all other cases. An unknown file type should use this type. Browsers are particularly careful when manipulating these files to protect users from software vulnerabilities and possible dangerous behavior.

IANA is the official registry of MIME media types and maintains a list of all the official MIME types. This table lists important MIME types for the Web:

Extension	Kind of document	MIME Type
.aac	AAC audio	audio/aac
.abw	AbiWord document	application/x-abiword
.arc	Archive document (multiple files embedded)	application/x-freearc
.avif	AVIF image	image/avif
.avi	AVI: Audio Video Interleave	video/x-msvideo
.azw	Amazon Kindle eBook format	application/vnd.amazon.ebook
.bin	Any kind of binary data	application/octet-stream
.bmp	Windows OS/2 Bitmap Graphics	image/bmp
.bz	BZip archive	application/x-bzip
.bz2	BZip2 archive	application/x-bzip2
.cda	CD audio	application/x-cdf
.csh	C-Shell script	application/x-csh
.css	Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)	text/css
.csv	Comma-separated values (CSV)	text/csv
.doc	Microsoft Word	application/msword
.docx	Microsoft Word (OpenXML)	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
.eot	MS Embedded OpenType fonts	application/vnd.ms-fontobject
.epub	Electronic publication (EPUB)	application/epub+zip
.gz	GZip Compressed Archive	application/gzip
.gif	Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)	image/gif
.htm , .html	HyperText Markup Language (HTML)	text/html
.ico	Icon format	image/vnd.microsoft.icon
.ics	iCalendar format	text/calendar
.jar	Java Archive (JAR)	application/java-archive
.jpeg , .jpg	JPEG images	image/jpeg
.js	JavaScript	text/javascript (Specifications: HTML and RFC 9239)
.json	JSON format	application/json
.jsonld	JSON-LD format	application/ld+json
.mid , .midi	Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)	audio/midi , audio/x-midi
.mjs	JavaScript module	text/javascript
.mp3	MP3 audio	audio/mpeg
.mp4	MP4 video	video/mp4
.mpeg	MPEG Video	video/mpeg
.mpkg	Apple Installer Package	application/vnd.apple.installer+xml
.odp	OpenDocument presentation document	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation
.ods	OpenDocument spreadsheet document	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet
.odt	OpenDocument text document	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text
.oga	OGG audio	audio/ogg
.ogv	OGG video	video/ogg
.ogx	OGG	application/ogg
.opus	Opus audio	audio/opus
.otf	OpenType font	font/otf
.png	Portable Network Graphics	image/png
.pdf	Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF)	application/pdf
.php	Hypertext Preprocessor (Personal Home Page)	application/x-httpd-php
.ppt	Microsoft PowerPoint	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
.pptx	Microsoft PowerPoint (OpenXML)	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
.rar	RAR archive	application/vnd.rar
.rtf	Rich Text Format (RTF)	application/rtf
.sh	Bourne shell script	application/x-sh
.svg	Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)	image/svg+xml
.tar	Tape Archive (TAR)	application/x-tar
.tif , .tiff	Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)	image/tiff
.ts	MPEG transport stream	video/mp2t
.ttf	TrueType Font	font/ttf
.txt	Text, (generally ASCII or ISO 8859-n)	text/plain
.vsd	Microsoft Visio	application/vnd.visio
.wav	Waveform Audio Format	audio/wav
.weba	WEBM audio	audio/webm
.webm	WEBM video	video/webm
.webp	WEBP image	image/webp
.woff	Web Open Font Format (WOFF)	font/woff
.woff2	Web Open Font Format (WOFF)	font/woff2
.xhtml	XHTML	application/xhtml+xml
.xls	Microsoft Excel	application/vnd.ms-excel
.xlsx	Microsoft Excel (OpenXML)	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
.xml	XML	application/xml is recommended as of RFC 7303 (section 4.1), but text/xml is still used sometimes. You can assign a specific MIME type to a file with .xml extension depending on how its contents are meant to be interpreted. For instance, an Atom feed is application/atom+xml , but application/xml serves as a valid default.
.xul	XUL	application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml
.zip	ZIP archive	application/zip
.3gp	3GPP audio/video container	video/3gpp ; audio/3gpp if it doesn’t contain video
.3g2	3GPP2 audio/video container	video/3gpp2 ; audio/3gpp2 if it doesn’t contain video
.7z	7-zip archive	application/x-7z-compressed

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This page was last modified on Apr 10, 2023 by MDN contributors.

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Types of HTML file extensions

There are 4 different types of HTML file extensions and the extension denote a specific feature enabled in the HTML web page. In this article, we have explored all different types of HTML file extensions in depth.

There are 4 types of HTML files:

We will go over each type of HTML file extension now.

HTML (.html)

This is the basic version of HTML (HyperText Markup Language).

The file extension of this type is .html.

SHTML (.shtml)

SHTML is an extension of HTML with Server Side Include (SSI) enabled. SSI enables the HTML page to:

• Execute Server side scripts
• Load common include files faster and hence, optimize HTML code.

The file extension of this type is .shtml.

Dynamic HTML (.dhtml)

Dynamic HTML is an extension of HTML that supports dynamic features such as animation, dynamic menus and much more.

The file extension of this type is .dhtml.

Extensible HTML (.xhtml)

Extensible HTML is a variant of HTML that is strict in its rules and has a more standarized format.

The file extension of this type is .xhtml.

Following table summarizes the different HTML files:

With this article at OpenGenus, you must have the complete idea of different HTML files.

Benjamin QoChuk, PhD

Benjamin QoChuk is a Computer Science Researcher, Inventor and Author. His educational background include Bachelors at Vanderbilt University and PhD in Computer Science at Peking University.

OpenGenus Tech Review Team

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