How To Add CSS

When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the HTML document according to the information in the style sheet.

Three Ways to Insert CSS

There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:

External CSS

With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire website by changing just one file!

Each HTML page must include a reference to the external style sheet file inside the element, inside the head section.

Example

External styles are defined within the element, inside the section of an HTML page:

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

An external style sheet can be written in any text editor, and must be saved with a .css extension.

The external .css file should not contain any HTML tags.

Here is how the «mystyle.css» file looks:

«mystyle.css»

body <
background-color: lightblue;
>

h1 color: navy;
margin-left: 20px;
>

Note: Do not add a space between the property value (20) and the unit (px):
Incorrect (space): margin-left: 20 px;
Correct (no space): margin-left: 20px;

Internal CSS

An internal style sheet may be used if one single HTML page has a unique style.

The internal style is defined inside the element, inside the head section.

Example

Internal styles are defined within the element, inside the section of an HTML page:

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

Inline CSS

An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a single element.

To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant element. The style attribute can contain any CSS property.

Example

Inline styles are defined within the «style» attribute of the relevant element:

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

Tip: An inline style loses many of the advantages of a style sheet (by mixing content with presentation). Use this method sparingly.

Multiple Style Sheets

If some properties have been defined for the same selector (element) in different style sheets, the value from the last read style sheet will be used.

Assume that an external style sheet has the following style for the element:

Then, assume that an internal style sheet also has the following style for the element:

Example

If the internal style is defined after the link to the external style sheet, the elements will be «orange»:

Example

However, if the internal style is defined before the link to the external style sheet, the elements will be «navy»:

Cascading Order

What style will be used when there is more than one style specified for an HTML element?

All the styles in a page will «cascade» into a new «virtual» style sheet by the following rules, where number one has the highest priority:

1. Inline style (inside an HTML element)
2. External and internal style sheets (in the head section)
3. Browser default

So, an inline style has the highest priority, and will override external and internal styles and browser defaults.

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External CSS Stylesheets – How to Link CSS to HTML and Import into Head

Ilenia Magoni

It is considered a best practice to have your CSS stylesheets in an external file. So how can you link that CSS to your HTML file?

Linking to an external CSS file is an important part of any HTML page boilerplate. And in this article, we’ll learn how to do it.

How to Link a CSS File to an HTML File

You can link your CSS file to your HTML file by adding a link element inside the head element of your HTML file, like so:

The link element has many uses, and it is important to specify the right attributes so that you can use it to import an external CSS stylesheet. We’ll look at some important attributes now.

The rel attribute

The first of the two indispensable attributes is the rel attribute. You will use this attribute to tell the browser what the relationship is with the imported file.

You’ll write rel=»stylesheet» to tell the browser that you are importing a stylesheet.

The href attribute

The second indispensable attribute is the href attribute, which specifies the file to import.

A common situation is that the CSS file and the HTML file are in the same folder. In such a case you can write href=»style.css» .

If the CSS file and the HTML file are in different folders, you need to write the correct path that needs to go from the HTML file to the CSS file.

For example, a common situation is that the CSS file is in a folder that is a sibling to the HTML file, like so:

project --- index.html css ---------- style.css

In this case you would need to write a path like «css/styles.css» .

The type attribute

You use the type attribute to define the type of the content you’re linking to. For a stylesheet, this would be text/css . But since css is the only stylesheet language used on the web, it is not only optional, but it is even a best practice not to include it.

The media attribute

The media attribute is not visible in the example. It’s an optional attribute that you can use to specify when to import a certain stylesheet. Its value must be a media type / media query.

This can be useful in case you want to separate the styles for different devices and screen sizes in different files. You would need to import each CSS file with its own link element.

You can check out these articles (or other sources) on media queries to learn more about what you can write as an attribute value:

Conclusion

In this article, you learned how to add an external style sheet to your web page using the link element and the href and rel attributes.

You also learned that you can import multiple stylesheets and use the media attribute to determine when each one should be applied.

Have fun creating web pages!

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How to Add External CSS in HTML?

In web development CSS ( cascading style sheet ) is used to define the look of the website. In simple terms, we can say that HTML is used to define the structure of a website, and CSS is used to define the style of the website, i.e how the website will look.

There are three ways to add a style sheet(CSS) in HTML:

In this article, we will learn about External CSS in HTML.

Example

The external CSS is mostly used to change the styles and looks of multiple web pages by changing just one CSS file. This makes our tasks easier as we have to change only one file.

To add an external style sheet to a web page we use a tag. This tag should be added on those pages where we want to add CSS and this tag is written inside tag.

There are several uses of the tag and it is very important to define the correct attribute so that we can import the external style sheet in HTML.

Several attributes of tag are rel , src , etc.

The external style sheet is saved with the .css extension and the file should not have any HTML elements.

Here in this example, the rel attribute of the link tag is used to specify the relationship between the current file and the linked file, here in this case it is a stylesheet, i.e style.css file is a style sheet for the current HTML document.

The src attribute is used to define the location(URL) of the file which we want to link.

There are four attributes of the tag out of which the rel attribute and the src attribute are mandatory to use with the tag and the other two attributes are optional to add.

The rel Attribute

The rel attribute is compulsory, we cannot ignore it while using the tag. The rel attribute is used to tell the browser the relationship with the imported file.

We write rel=»stylesheet» which tells the browser that we are importing a stylesheet.

The src Attribute

The src attribute is the other compulsory attribute that has to be used with the tag.

There are two cases for this:

The first case is when the CSS file and HTML file are in the same folder, in this situation we will write src=»https://www.scaler.com/topics/external-css-in-html/style.css», which means that we have a CSS file named style.css in the same folder where HTML file is saved. Example

The Type Attribute

The type attribute of the tag is optional, it is used to define the type of content that we are linking. For a stylesheet we will write text/CSS, the point to note here is that the type attribute is optional and as CSS is the only language for stylesheets it is a good practice to not include it.

We write like this,

The Media Attribute

The media attribute of the link tag is optional. This attribute is used to define separate styles for different devices and different screen sizes. The attribute output is not visible. We need to import different CSS styles with their link element. The value must be a media query.

We write like this,

Click on Learn more to learn more about how to Add CSS to HTML

Conclusion

• CSS (style sheet) is added to HTML documents to beautify and improve the looks of the web page.
• There are three ways to include CSS in HTML, External CSS, Internal CSS and Inline CSS.
• To add external CSS in HTML we use the tag.
• We use the rel attribute to specify the relationship between the linked document and the HTML file.
• We use the src attribute to write the location( URL ) of the CSS file.
• The type attribute is optional and is used to specify the type of the linked file.
• The media attribute is optional and is used to specify a different style for different devices and different screen sizes.

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