Driver selenium python back

Python selenium driver back in chrome code example

Using the class to generate input events differs from posting events to the AWT event queue or AWT components in that the events are generated in the platform’s native input queue. This means using native events rather than simulating the events using JavaScript.

Python selenium browser driver.back()

We can navigate back in the browser with Selenium webdriver. There are multiple ways to achieve this. The back() method is used to move back to the prior browser page. This method only is applicable if we jump from webpage to another.

We can also move back in the browser with the help of a Javascript Executor in Selenium. It has the execute_script() method which allows Selenium to run Javascript commands. We have to execute the Javascript command window.history.go(-1) to go back to the previous page.

Example

from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome (executable_path="C:\\chromedriver.exe") driver.implicitly_wait(0.5) #launch a webpage driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/about/about_careers.htm") print("Current Page title: " + driver.title) #launch another webpage driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/questions/index.php") print("Current Page title: " + driver.title) #back to previous page with back() driver.back() print("Current Page title after back: " + driver.title)

Code Implementation with Javascript Executor.

from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome (executable_path="C:\\chromedriver.exe") driver.implicitly_wait(0.5) #launch a webpage driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/about/about_careers.htm") print("Current Page title: " + driver.title) #launch another webpage driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/questions/index.php") print("Current Page title: " + driver.title) #back to previous page with execute_script() driver.execute_script("window.history.go(-1)") print("Current Page title after back: " + driver.title)

Output

Python — Getting Chrome to launch via Selenium, for python (selenium) you will need: from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import Chrome from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options then put your chromedriver.exe path in. the «r» is just to prevent it from detecting the \ and causing errors in python

Sending selenium chrome instance to the background using Python

There is no programatic way to open in the Browser Client at the background or as a Background Process .

Of coarse the alternative way is to use a Headless Browser and you can find a detailed discussion in Which drivers support “no-browser”/“headless” testing?.

Why not possible?

Software Test Automation is an art. Your Test Framework should be:

• Configured with all the required softwares , libraries and binaries .
• Test Execution must be performed in a controled environment for optimized performance.
• While your @Tests are executing, it should be free from Manual Intervention .
• Particularly when your @Tests are Selenium based, while test execution is InProgress the Test Environment shouldn’t be intervened because of the following reasons:
  • At the lowest level, the behavior of actions class is intended to mimic the remote end’s behavior with an actual input device as closely as possible, and the implementation strategy may involve e.g. injecting synthesized events into a browser event loop. Therefore the steps to dispatch an action will inevitably end up in implementation-specific territory. However there are certain content observable effects that must be consistent across implementations. To accommodate this, the specification requires that remote ends perform implementation-specific action dispatch steps, along with a list of events and their properties. This list is not comprehensive; in particular the default action of the input source may cause additional events to be generated depending on the implementation and the state of the browser (e.g. input events relating to key actions when the focus is on an editable element, scroll events, etc.).
  • An activation trigger generated by the WebDriver API user needs to be indistinguishable from those generated by a real user interacting with the browser. In particular, the dispatched events will have the isTrusted attribute set to true. The most robust way to dispatch these events is by creating them in the browser implementation itself. Sending OS-specific input messages to the browser’s window has the disadvantage that the browser being automated may not be properly isolated from a user accidentally modifying input source state. Use of an OS-level accessibility API has the disadvantage that the browser’s window must be focused, and as a result, multiple WebDriver instances cannot run in parallel.
  • An advantage of an OS-level accessibility API is that it guarantees that inputs correctly mirror user input, and allows interaction with the host OS if necessary. This might, however, have performance penalties from a machine utilisation perspective.
  • Robot Class is used to generate native system input events for the purposes of test automation, self-running demos, and other applications where control of the mouse and keyboard is needed. The primary purpose of Robot is to facilitate automated testing of Java platform implementations. Using the class to generate input events differs from posting events to the AWT event queue or AWT components in that the events are generated in the platform’s native input queue. For example, Robot.mouseMove will actually move the mouse cursor instead of just generating mouse move events.
  • As the InternetExplorerDriver is Windows-only, it attempts to use so-called «native», or OS-level events to perform mouse and keyboard operations in the browser. This is in contrast to using simulated JavaScript events for the same operations. The advantage of using native events is that it does not rely on the JavaScript sandbox, and it ensures proper JavaScript event propagation within the browser. However, there are currently some issues with mouse events when the IE browser window does not have focus, and when attempting to hover over elements.
  • The challenge is that IE itself appears to not fully respect the Windows messages we send the IE browser window (WM_MOUSEDOWN and WM_MOUSEUP) if the window doesn’t have the focus. Specifically, the element being clicked on will receive a focus window around it, but the click will not be processed by the element. Arguably, we shouldn’t be sending messages at all; rather, we should be using the SendInput() API, but that API explicitly requires the window to have the focus. We have two conflicting goals with the WebDriver project.
  • First, we strive to emulate the user as closely as possible. This means using native events rather than simulating the events using JavaScript.
  • Second, we want to not require focus of the browser window being automated. This means that just forcing the browser window to the foreground is suboptimal.

  Conclusion

  Always keep the Test Environment seperate from Development Environment and absolutely free from Manual Intervention .

  On windows you could use «task scheduler», if you set open while login or while staring the system it would open in background. In selenium i found only:

  browser.set_window_position(-10000, 0) browser.set_window_size(0, 0) # this is optional 

  but browser will be visible on the taskbar(you cannot open it). enter image description here

  Python — How to keep Selenium Webdriver chrome, In your WebDriver ( when you’re instantiating it ), you can add the following to your Chrome Options chrome_options.add_experimental_option («detach», True) Once you do that, run it via the command terminal ( Command Prompt in Windows ) and it should not close on you MAIN PROGRAM — For …

  How to keep Selenium Webdriver chrome browser open when running a program?

  It closes because you have added driver.close() at the end. Just remove that line and the browser would stay open forever. If you want to close it after some time, then you can add time.sleep before driver.close() like this:

  import time # Your code time.sleep(60) #Stays open for 60 seconds (which is 1 min) driver.close() 

  In your WebDriver ( when you’re instantiating it ), you can add the following to your Chrome Options

  chrome_options.add_experimental_option("detach", True) 

  Once you do that, run it via the command terminal ( Command Prompt in Windows ) and it should not close on you

  MAIN PROGRAM — For Reference

  from selenium import webdriver def get_chrome_driver(): """This sets up our Chrome Driver and returns it as an object""" path_to_chrome = "F:\Selenium_Drivers\Windows_Chrome85_Driver\chromedriver.exe" chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() # Keeps the browser open chrome_options.add_experimental_option("detach", True) # Browser is displayed in a custom window size chrome_options.add_argument("window-size=1500,1000") # Removes the "This is being controlled by automation" alert / notification chrome_options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ['enable-automation']) return webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = path_to_chrome, options = chrome_options) # Gets our chrome driver and opens our site chrome_driver = get_chrome_driver() chrome_driver.get("https://www.google.com/") print('The browser should not close after you see this message') chrome_driver.service.stop() 

  $this->driver = RemoteWebDriver::createBySessionID(self::$session_id, self::$server, 60000, 60000);

  version: "3.5" #Latest version networks: grid-network: services: selenium-hub: image: selenium/hub:latest container_name: selenium-hub ports: - "4446:4444" networks: - grid-network chrome: shm_size: 4gb image: selenium/standalone-chrome:latest container_name: chrome depends_on: - selenium-hub environment: - NODE_MAX_SESSION=5 - NODE_MAX_INSTANCES=5 - GRID_MAX_SESSION=31556926 - GRID_BROWSER_TIMEOUT=31556926 - GRID_TIMEOUT=31556926 - GRID_SESSION_TIMEOUT=31556926 - SESSION_TIMEOUT=31556926 - NODE_SESSION_TIMEOUT=31556926 - GRID_CLEAN_UP_CYCLE=31556926 - SE_NODE_SESSION_TIMEOUT=31556926 - SE_SESSION_REQUEST_TIMEOUT=31556926 volumes: - /dev/shm:/dev/shm ports: - "33333:5900" - "3333:7900" - "44444:4444" links: - selenium-hub networks: - grid-network 

  How to invoke the Chrome browser in Selenium with, For invoking chrome browser, we have to select the Chrome class. Then create the driver object of that class. This is the most important and mandatory step for browser invocation. Every chrome browser gives an executable file. Through Selenium we need to invoke this executable file which is …

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  Python selenium browser driver.back().

  We can navigate back in the browser with Selenium webdriver. There are multiple ways to achieve this. The back() method is used to move back to the prior browser page. This method only is applicable if we jump from webpage to another.

  We can also move back in the browser with the help of a Javascript Executor in Selenium. It has the execute_script() method which allows Selenium to run Javascript commands. We have to execute the Javascript command window.history.go(-1) to go back to the previous page.

  Example

  from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome (executable_path="C:\chromedriver.exe") driver.implicitly_wait(0.5) #launch a webpage driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/about/about_careers.htm") print("Current Page title: " + driver.title) #launch another webpage driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/questions/index.php") print("Current Page title: " + driver.title) #back to previous page with back() driver.back() print("Current Page title after back: " + driver.title)

  Code Implementation with Javascript Executor.

  from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome (executable_path="C:\chromedriver.exe") driver.implicitly_wait(0.5) #launch a webpage driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/about/about_careers.htm") print("Current Page title: " + driver.title) #launch another webpage driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/questions/index.php") print("Current Page title: " + driver.title) #back to previous page with execute_script() driver.execute_script("window.history.go(-1)") print("Current Page title after back: " + driver.title)

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