Css vertical centre in div

vertical-align

The vertical-align CSS property sets vertical alignment of an inline, inline-block or table-cell box.

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The vertical-align property can be used in two contexts:

• To vertically align an inline-level element’s box inside its containing line box. For example, it could be used to vertically position an image in a line of text.
• To vertically align the content of a cell in a table.

Note that vertical-align only applies to inline, inline-block and table-cell elements: you can’t use it to vertically align block-level elements.

Syntax

/* Keyword values */ vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: sub; vertical-align: super; vertical-align: text-top; vertical-align: text-bottom; vertical-align: middle; vertical-align: top; vertical-align: bottom; /* values */ vertical-align: 10em; vertical-align: 4px; /* values */ vertical-align: 20%; /* Global values */ vertical-align: inherit; vertical-align: initial; vertical-align: revert; vertical-align: revert-layer; vertical-align: unset; 

The vertical-align property is specified as one of the values listed below.

Values for inline elements

Parent-relative values

These values vertically align the element relative to its parent element:

Aligns the baseline of the element with the subscript-baseline of its parent.

Aligns the baseline of the element with the superscript-baseline of its parent.

Aligns the top of the element with the top of the parent element’s font.

Aligns the bottom of the element with the bottom of the parent element’s font.

Aligns the middle of the element with the baseline plus half the x-height of the parent.

Aligns the baseline of the element to the given length above the baseline of its parent. A negative value is allowed.

Aligns the baseline of the element to the given percentage above the baseline of its parent, with the value being a percentage of the line-height property. A negative value is allowed.

Line-relative values

The following values vertically align the element relative to the entire line:

Aligns the top of the element and its descendants with the top of the entire line.

Aligns the bottom of the element and its descendants with the bottom of the entire line.

For elements that do not have a baseline, the bottom margin edge is used instead.

Values for table cells

baseline (and sub , super , text-top , text-bottom , , and )

Aligns the baseline of the cell with the baseline of all other cells in the row that are baseline-aligned.

Aligns the top padding edge of the cell with the top of the row.

Centers the padding box of the cell within the row.

Aligns the bottom padding edge of the cell with the bottom of the row.

Negative values are allowed.

Formal definition

Initial value	baseline
Applies to	inline-level and table-cell elements. It also applies to ::first-letter and ::first-line .
Inherited	no
Percentages	refer to the line-height of the element itself
Computed value	for percentage and length values, the absolute length, otherwise the keyword as specified
Animation type	a length

Formal syntax

Examples

Basic example

HTML

div> An img src="frame_image.svg" alt="link" width="32" height="32" /> image with a default alignment. div> div> An img class="top" src="frame_image.svg" alt="link" width="32" height="32" /> image with a text-top alignment. div> div> An img class="bottom" src="frame_image.svg" alt="link" width="32" height="32" /> image with a text-bottom alignment. div> div> An img class="middle" src="frame_image.svg" alt="link" width="32" height="32" /> image with a middle alignment. div> 

CSS

img.top  vertical-align: text-top; > img.bottom  vertical-align: text-bottom; > img.middle  vertical-align: middle; > 

Result

Vertical alignment in a line box

HTML

p> top: img style="vertical-align: top" src="star.png" alt="star"/> middle: img style="vertical-align: middle" src="star.png" alt="star"/> bottom: img style="vertical-align: bottom" src="star.png" alt="star"/> super: img style="vertical-align: super" src="star.png" alt="star"/> sub: img style="vertical-align: sub" src="star.png" alt="star"/> p> p> text-top: img style="vertical-align: text-top" src="star.png" alt="star"/> text-bottom: img style="vertical-align: text-bottom" src="star.png" alt="star"/> 0.2em: img style="vertical-align: 0.2em" src="star.png" alt="star"/> -1em: img style="vertical-align: -1em" src="star.png" alt="star"/> 20%: img style="vertical-align: 20%" src="star.png" alt="star"/> -100%: img style="vertical-align: -100%" src="star.png" alt="star"/> p> 

#*  box-sizing: border-box; > img  margin-right: 0.5em; > p  height: 3em; padding: 0 0.5em; font-family: monospace; text-decoration: underline overline; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 80%; > 

Result

Vertical alignment in a table cell

HTML

table> tr> td style="vertical-align: baseline">baselinetd> td style="vertical-align: top">toptd> td style="vertical-align: middle">middletd> td style="vertical-align: bottom">bottomtd> td> p> There is a theory which states that if ever anyone discovers exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable. p> p> There is another theory which states that this has already happened. p> td> tr> table> 

CSS

table  margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 80%; > table, th, td  border: 1px solid black; > td  padding: 0.5em; font-family: monospace; > 

Result

Specifications

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also

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This page was last modified on Jul 18, 2023 by MDN contributors.

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How TO — Center Elements Vertically

Learn how to center an element vertically and horizontally with CSS.

I am vertically and horizontally centered.

How To Center Anything Vertically

Example

.vertical-center margin: 0;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
-ms-transform: translateY(-50%);
transform: translateY(-50%);
>

How To Center Vertically AND Horizontally

Example

.center margin: 0;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
-ms-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
>

You can also use flexbox to center things:

Example

.center <
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 200px;
border: 3px solid green;
>

Tip: Go to our CSS Align Tutorial to learn more about aligning elements.

Tip: Go to our CSS Transform Tutorial to learn more about how to scale elements.

Tip: Go to our CSS Flexbox Tutorial to learn more flexbox.

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How to Vertically Center Text with CSS

Centering elements vertically with CSS often gives trouble. However, there are several ways of vertical centering, and each is easy to use.

Use the CSS vertical-align property

The vertical-align property is used to vertically center inline elements.

The values of the vertical-align property align the element relative to its parent element:

• Line-relative values vertically align an element relative to the entire line.
• Values for table cells are relative to the table-height-algorithm, which commonly refers to the height of the row.

It is important to note that it is possible to nudge text vertically up or down in CSS using the vertical-align property. This property sets the vertical alignment of an inline or table-cell element, and can be used to adjust the vertical position of text within its container.

Note that vertical-align only applies to inline or table-cell elements, so it may not work as expected on block-level elements such as or

. In such cases, you may need to wrap the text in an inline or table-cell element to apply vertical-align .

Example of vertically aligning a text:

html> html> head> title>Title of the document title> style> div < display: table-cell; width: 250px; height: 200px; padding: 10px; border: 3px dashed #1c87c9; vertical-align: middle; > style> head> body> div>Vertically aligned text div> body> html>

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CSS Vertical Align – How to Center a Div, Text, or an Image [Example Code]

Kolade Chris

Even with helpful tools like CSS Grid and Flexbox, centering elements in CSS remains notoriously challenging.

It’s been the subject of many jokes and memes, and when you successfully center something, you’ll want to brag about it.

Why is Centering CSS Elements So Hard?

CSS can be tricky to work with. For example, if you’re trying to align something horizontally OR vertically, it’s not that difficult.

You can just set text-align to center for an inline element, and margin: 0 auto would do it for a block-level element.

But issues arise on multiple fronts if you’re trying to combine both vertical and horizontal alignments.

In this tutorial, I will introduce you to three different methods to correctly center a div, text, or image in CSS.

How to Center an Element with the CSS Position Property

The CSS position property takes relative, absolute, fixed, and static (the default) as values. When set, you will be able to apply the top, right, bottom, and left properties to the element.

The combination of relative and absolute values can get a lot of things done, and so you can use it to center anything.

Take a look at the snippets below to see some examples.

How to center text with CSS positioning

 
 
I'm a Camper, and I'm vertically centered
 
 
 

* < margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; >.container < position: relative; height: 400px; border: 2px solid #006100; >.centered-element

How to center an image with CSS positioning

* < margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; >.container < position: relative; height: 400px; border: 2px solid #006100; >.centered-element

The above code has made the text and image centered vertically. To take care of both vertical and horizontal centering, we need to make a little tweak in the CSS. We’ll set the top property to 50%, and we’ll add a transform on both the X and Y axes.

* < margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; >.container < position: relative; height: 400px; border: 2px solid #006100; >.centered-element

The text now looks like this:

And the image like this:

Note that I applied the transform property because the child (with the class of centered-element) was slightly off-center. translateY() pushes it to the center vertically and translate on both the X and Y-axis ( translate() ) pushes it to the center vertically and horizontally.

How to Center an Element with Flexbox in CSS

CSS Flexbox handles layouts in one dimension (row or column). With Flexbox, it is pretty easy to center a div, text, or image in just three lines of code.

Check the snippets below for examples.

How to center text with Flexbox

 
 
I'm a Camper, and I'm vertically centered
 
 
 

How to center an image with Flexbox

We took care of the vertical alignment in just two lines of code. To make the image and text horizontally centered, add in justify-content: center.

 
 
I'm a Camper, I'm now vertically and horizontally centered
 
 
 

The text now looks like this:

And the image like this:

How to Center an Element with CSS Grid

With Flexbox, it is pretty easy to center anything, right? But with CSS Grid, it is really easy to center anything, because two lines of code are enough to do it for you.

How to center text with CSS Grid

 
 
I'm a Camper, and I'm vertically centered
 
 
 

How to center an Image with CSS Grid

The above examples takes care of vertical centering for you. To get the text and image centered horizontally too, replace the align items with place items – a combination of both align-items and justify-content :

The text now looks like this:

And the image like this:

How to Center a Standalone Div, Text, or Image in CSS

The three methods above let you center a div, text, or image in a container. You can also center a standalone div, text, or image.

Let’s see how to do that now.

How to center a standalone div in CSS

How to center standalone text in CSS

I'm a Camper, and I'm centered
 

How to center a standalone image in CSS

img < display: block; margin: 0 auto; >/* Applies a display of block, a margin 0f 0 at the top and bootom, and auto on the left and right */ 

Conclusion

I hope this tutorial gives you enough knowledge about vertical alignment and how to center elements in CSS so it’s less of a hassle for you in your next project.

Thank you for reading, and keep coding.

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