:active
The :active pseudo selector changes the appearance of a link while it is being activated (being clicked on or otherwise activated). It’s usually only seen for a split second, and provides visual feedback that the element was indeed clicked. It’s most typically used on anchor links ( ). For instance, here’s CSS that will make anchor links bump down one pixel (giving the impression of being pushed in three-dimensional space) in the active state:
:active can also apply to any element. In the Pen below, clicking anywhere on the page will make the whole page yellow:
Doing them in that order is ideal.
a:link < /* Essentially means a[href], or that the link actually goes somewhere */ color: blue; >a:visited < color: purple; >a:hover < color: green; >a:active
Otherwise, say if you listed the :visited style last, if that link was visited it would override the :active and :hover declaration and the link would always be purple regardless if you were hovering or if the link was active (not ideal).
| IE | Edge | Firefox | Chrome | Safari | Opera |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | All | All | All | All | All |
| Android Chrome | Android Firefox | Android Browser | iOS Safari | Opera Mobile |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | All | All | All | All |
Source: caniuse
CSS Links
With CSS, links can be styled in many different ways.
Styling Links
Links can be styled with any CSS property (e.g. color , font-family , background , etc.).
Example
In addition, links can be styled differently depending on what state they are in.
The four links states are:
- a:link — a normal, unvisited link
- a:visited — a link the user has visited
- a:hover — a link when the user mouses over it
- a:active — a link the moment it is clicked
Example
/* unvisited link */
a:link color: red;
>
/* visited link */
a:visited color: green;
>
/* mouse over link */
a:hover color: hotpink;
>
/* selected link */
a:active color: blue;
>
When setting the style for several link states, there are some order rules:
Text Decoration
The text-decoration property is mostly used to remove underlines from links:
Example
a:visited text-decoration: none;
>
a:hover text-decoration: underline;
>
a:active text-decoration: underline;
>
Background Color
The background-color property can be used to specify a background color for links:
Example
a:link <
background-color: yellow;
>
a:visited background-color: cyan;
>
a:hover background-color: lightgreen;
>
a:active background-color: hotpink;
>
Link Buttons
This example demonstrates a more advanced example where we combine several CSS properties to display links as boxes/buttons:
Example
a:link, a:visited <
background-color: #f44336;
color: white;
padding: 14px 25px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
>
a:hover, a:active background-color: red;
>
More Examples
Example
This example demonstrates how to add other styles to hyperlinks:
Example
Another example of how to create link boxes/buttons:
a:link, a:visited <
background-color: white;
color: black;
border: 2px solid green;
padding: 10px 20px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
>
a:hover, a:active background-color: green;
color: white;
>
Example
This example demonstrates the different types of cursors (can be useful for links):
COLOR PICKER
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