Css animation with code

CSS animations

The CSS animations module lets you animate the values of CSS properties, such as background-position and transform, over time by using keyframes. Each keyframe describes how the animated element should render at a given time during the animation sequence. You can use the properties in the animations module to control the duration, number of repetitions, delayed start, and other aspects of an animation.

Animations in action

To view the animation in the box below, click the checkbox ‘Play the animation’ or hover the cursor over the box. When the animating is active, the cloud at the top changes shape, snowflakes fall, and the snow level at the bottom rises. To pause the animation, uncheck the checkbox or move your cursor away from the box.

This sample animation uses animation-iteration-count to make the flakes fall repeatedly, animation-direction to make the cloud move back and forth, animation-fill-mode to raise the snow level in response to the cloud movement, and animation-play-state to pause the animation.

To see the code for this animation, view the source on GitHub.

Reference

Properties

• animation shorthand
• animation-composition
• animation-delay
• animation-direction
• animation-duration
• animation-fill-mode
• animation-iteration-count
• animation-name
• animation-play-state
• animation-timing-function
• animation-timeline

At-rules

Events

All animations, even those with 0 seconds duration, throw animation events.

Interfaces

Guides

Step-by-step tutorial on how to create animations using CSS. This article describes the animation-related CSS properties and at-rule and how they interact with each other.

Tips and tricks to help you get the most out of CSS animations.

Related concepts

Specifications

See also

• CSS scroll-driven animations
• Properties in the transitions CSS module to trigger animations based on user actions
• The HTML element along with canvas API and WebGL API to draw graphics and animations
• The SVGAnimationElement interface for all the animation-related element interfaces, including SVGAnimateElement , SVGSetElement , SVGAnimateColorElement , SVGAnimateMotionElement , and SVGAnimateTransformElement

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CSS Animations

CSS allows animation of HTML elements without using JavaScript or Flash!

In this chapter you will learn about the following properties:

• @keyframes
• animation-name
• animation-duration
• animation-delay
• animation-iteration-count
• animation-direction
• animation-timing-function
• animation-fill-mode
• animation

Browser Support for Animations

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

Property
@keyframes	43.0	10.0	16.0	9.0	30.0
animation-name	43.0	10.0	16.0	9.0	30.0
animation-duration	43.0	10.0	16.0	9.0	30.0
animation-delay	43.0	10.0	16.0	9.0	30.0
animation-iteration-count	43.0	10.0	16.0	9.0	30.0
animation-direction	43.0	10.0	16.0	9.0	30.0
animation-timing-function	43.0	10.0	16.0	9.0	30.0
animation-fill-mode	43.0	10.0	16.0	9.0	30.0
animation	43.0	10.0	16.0	9.0	30.0

What are CSS Animations?

An animation lets an element gradually change from one style to another.

You can change as many CSS properties you want, as many times as you want.

To use CSS animation, you must first specify some keyframes for the animation.

Keyframes hold what styles the element will have at certain times.

The @keyframes Rule

When you specify CSS styles inside the @keyframes rule, the animation will gradually change from the current style to the new style at certain times.

To get an animation to work, you must bind the animation to an element.

The following example binds the «example» animation to the element. The animation will last for 4 seconds, and it will gradually change the background-color of the element from «red» to «yellow»:

Example

/* The element to apply the animation to */
div width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
>

Note: The animation-duration property defines how long an animation should take to complete. If the animation-duration property is not specified, no animation will occur, because the default value is 0s (0 seconds).

In the example above we have specified when the style will change by using the keywords «from» and «to» (which represents 0% (start) and 100% (complete)).

It is also possible to use percent. By using percent, you can add as many style changes as you like.

The following example will change the background-color of the element when the animation is 25% complete, 50% complete, and again when the animation is 100% complete:

Example

/* The element to apply the animation to */
div width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
>

The following example will change both the background-color and the position of the element when the animation is 25% complete, 50% complete, and again when the animation is 100% complete:

Example

/* The element to apply the animation to */
div width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
>

Delay an Animation

The animation-delay property specifies a delay for the start of an animation.

The following example has a 2 seconds delay before starting the animation:

Example

div <
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-delay: 2s;
>

Negative values are also allowed. If using negative values, the animation will start as if it had already been playing for N seconds.

In the following example, the animation will start as if it had already been playing for 2 seconds:

Example

div <
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-delay: -2s;
>

Set How Many Times an Animation Should Run

The animation-iteration-count property specifies the number of times an animation should run.

The following example will run the animation 3 times before it stops:

Example

div <
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-iteration-count: 3;
>

The following example uses the value «infinite» to make the animation continue for ever:

Example

div <
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
>

Run Animation in Reverse Direction or Alternate Cycles

The animation-direction property specifies whether an animation should be played forwards, backwards or in alternate cycles.

The animation-direction property can have the following values:

• normal — The animation is played as normal (forwards). This is default
• reverse — The animation is played in reverse direction (backwards)
• alternate — The animation is played forwards first, then backwards
• alternate-reverse — The animation is played backwards first, then forwards

The following example will run the animation in reverse direction (backwards):

Example

div <
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-direction: reverse;
>

The following example uses the value «alternate» to make the animation run forwards first, then backwards:

Example

div <
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-iteration-count: 2;
animation-direction: alternate;
>

The following example uses the value «alternate-reverse» to make the animation run backwards first, then forwards:

Example

div <
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-iteration-count: 2;
animation-direction: alternate-reverse;
>

Specify the Speed Curve of the Animation

The animation-timing-function property specifies the speed curve of the animation.

The animation-timing-function property can have the following values:

• ease — Specifies an animation with a slow start, then fast, then end slowly (this is default)
• linear — Specifies an animation with the same speed from start to end
• ease-in — Specifies an animation with a slow start
• ease-out — Specifies an animation with a slow end
• ease-in-out — Specifies an animation with a slow start and end
• cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n) — Lets you define your own values in a cubic-bezier function

The following example shows some of the different speed curves that can be used:

Example

Specify the fill-mode For an Animation

CSS animations do not affect an element before the first keyframe is played or after the last keyframe is played. The animation-fill-mode property can override this behavior.

The animation-fill-mode property specifies a style for the target element when the animation is not playing (before it starts, after it ends, or both).

The animation-fill-mode property can have the following values:

• none — Default value. Animation will not apply any styles to the element before or after it is executing
• forwards — The element will retain the style values that is set by the last keyframe (depends on animation-direction and animation-iteration-count)
• backwards — The element will get the style values that is set by the first keyframe (depends on animation-direction), and retain this during the animation-delay period
• both — The animation will follow the rules for both forwards and backwards, extending the animation properties in both directions

The following example lets the element retain the style values from the last keyframe when the animation ends:

Example

div <
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: red;
position: relative;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 3s;
animation-fill-mode: forwards;
>

The following example lets the element get the style values set by the first keyframe before the animation starts (during the animation-delay period):

Example

div <
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: red;
position: relative;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 3s;
animation-delay: 2s;
animation-fill-mode: backwards;
>

The following example lets the element get the style values set by the first keyframe before the animation starts, and retain the style values from the last keyframe when the animation ends:

Example

div <
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: red;
position: relative;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 3s;
animation-delay: 2s;
animation-fill-mode: both;
>

Animation Shorthand Property

The example below uses six of the animation properties:

Example

div <
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 5s;
animation-timing-function: linear;
animation-delay: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
animation-direction: alternate;
>

The same animation effect as above can be achieved by using the shorthand animation property:

Example

CSS Animation Properties

The following table lists the @keyframes rule and all the CSS animation properties:

Property	Description
@keyframes	Specifies the animation code
animation	A shorthand property for setting all the animation properties
animation-delay	Specifies a delay for the start of an animation
animation-direction	Specifies whether an animation should be played forwards, backwards or in alternate cycles
animation-duration	Specifies how long time an animation should take to complete one cycle
animation-fill-mode	Specifies a style for the element when the animation is not playing (before it starts, after it ends, or both)
animation-iteration-count	Specifies the number of times an animation should be played
animation-name	Specifies the name of the @keyframes animation
animation-play-state	Specifies whether the animation is running or paused
animation-timing-function	Specifies the speed curve of the animation

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