Css animation step start

CSS animation-timing-function Property

Play an animation with the same speed from beginning to end:

More «Try it Yourself» examples below.

Definition and Usage

The animation-timing-function specifies the speed curve of an animation.

The speed curve defines the TIME an animation uses to change from one set of CSS styles to another.

The speed curve is used to make the changes smoothly.

Default value:	ease
Inherited:	no
Animatable:	no. Read about animatable
Version:	CSS3
JavaScript syntax:	object.style.animationTimingFunction=»linear» Try it

Browser Support

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

Numbers followed by -webkit-, -moz-, or -o- specify the first version that worked with a prefix.

CSS Syntax

animation-timing-function: linear|ease|ease-in|ease-out|ease-in-out|step-start|step-end|steps(int,start|end)|cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n)|initial|inherit;

The animation-timing-function uses a mathematical function, called the Cubic Bezier curve, to make the speed curve. You can use your own values in this function, or use one of the pre-defined values:

Property Values

Value	Description	Demo
linear	The animation has the same speed from start to end	Play it »
ease	Default value. The animation has a slow start, then fast, before it ends slowly	Play it »
ease-in	The animation has a slow start	Play it »
ease-out	The animation has a slow end	Play it »
ease-in-out	The animation has both a slow start and a slow end	Play it »
step-start	Equivalent to steps(1, start)
step-end	Equivalent to steps(1, end)
steps(int,start|end)	Specifies a stepping function, with two parameters. The first parameter specifies the number of intervals in the function. It must be a positive integer (greater than 0). The second parameter, which is optional, is either the value «start» or «end», and specifies the point at which the change of values occur within the interval. If the second parameter is omitted, it is given the value «end»
cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n)	Define your own values in the cubic-bezier function Possible values are numeric values from 0 to 1
initial	Sets this property to its default value. Read about initial
inherit	Inherits this property from its parent element. Read about inherit

Tip: Try the different values in the «More Examples» section below.

More Examples

Example

To better understand the different timing function values;
Here are five different elements with five different values:

Example

Same as the example above, but the speed curves are defined with the cubic-bezier function:

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animation-timing-function

The animation-timing-function CSS property sets how an animation progresses through the duration of each cycle.

Try it

It is often convenient to use the shorthand property animation to set all animation properties at once.

Syntax

/* Keyword values */ animation-timing-function: ease; animation-timing-function: ease-in; animation-timing-function: ease-out; animation-timing-function: ease-in-out; animation-timing-function: linear; animation-timing-function: step-start; animation-timing-function: step-end; /* Function values */ animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.1, 0.7, 1, 0.1); animation-timing-function: steps(4, end); /* Steps Function keywords */ animation-timing-function: steps(4, jump-start); animation-timing-function: steps(10, jump-end); animation-timing-function: steps(20, jump-none); animation-timing-function: steps(5, jump-both); animation-timing-function: steps(6, start); animation-timing-function: steps(8, end); /* Multiple animations */ animation-timing-function: ease, step-start, cubic-bezier(0.1, 0.7, 1, 0.1); /* Global values */ animation-timing-function: inherit; animation-timing-function: initial; animation-timing-function: revert; animation-timing-function: revert-layer; animation-timing-function: unset; 

Values

The easing function that corresponds to a given animation, as determined by animation-name .

The non-step keyword values (ease, linear, ease-in-out, etc.) each represent cubic Bézier curve with fixed four point values, with the cubic-bezier() function value allowing for a non-predefined value. The step easing functions divides the input time into a specified number of intervals that are equal in length. It is defined by a number of steps and a step position.

Equal to cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1.0) , the default value, increases in velocity towards the middle of the animation, slowing back down at the end.

Equal to cubic-bezier(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0) , animates at an even speed.

Equal to cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 1.0, 1.0) , starts off slowly, with the speed of the transition of the animating property increasing until complete.

Equal to cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1.0) , starts quickly, slowing down the animation continues.

Equal to cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 0.58, 1.0) , with the animating properties slowly transitioning, speeding up, and then slowing down again.

An author defined cubic-bezier curve, where the p1 and p3 values must be in the range of 0 to 1.

Displays an animation iteration along n stops along the transition, displaying each stop for equal lengths of time. For example, if n is 5, there are 5 steps. Whether the animation holds temporarily at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, on the 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, or makes 5 stops between the 0% and 100% along the animation, or makes 5 stops including the 0% and 100% marks (on the 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) depends on which of the following jump terms is used:

Denotes a left-continuous function, so that the first jump happens when the animation begins;

Denotes a right-continuous function, so that the last jump happens when the animation ends;

There is no jump on either end. Instead, holding at both the 0% mark and the 100% mark, each for 1/n of the duration.

Includes pauses at both the 0% and 100% marks, effectively adding a step during the animation iteration.

Equal to steps(1, jump-start)

Note: When you specify multiple comma-separated values on an animation-* property, they are applied to the animations in the order in which the animation-name s appear. For situations where the number of animations and animation-* property values do not match, see Setting multiple animation property values.

Note: animation-timing-function has the same effect when creating CSS scroll-driven animations as it does for regular time-based animations.

Description

Easing functions may be specified on individual keyframes in a @keyframes rule. If no animation-timing-function is specified on a keyframe, the corresponding value of animation-timing-function from the element to which the animation is applied is used for that keyframe.

Within a keyframe, animation-timing-function is an at-rule-specific descriptor, not the property of the same name. The timing is not being animated. Rather, a keyframe’s easing function is applied on a property-by-property basis from the keyframe on which it is specified until the next keyframe specifying that property, or until the end of the animation if there is no subsequent keyframe specifying that property. As a result, an animation-timing-function specified on the 100% or to keyframe will never be used.

Formal definition

Formal syntax

animation-timing-function =
#

=
linear |
|
|

=
linear( )

=
ease |
ease-in |
ease-out |
ease-in-out |
cubic-bezier( , , , )

=
step-start |
step-end |
steps( [, ]? )

=
[ ]#

=
jump-start |
jump-end |
jump-none |
jump-both |
start |
end

=
&&
?

=

Examples

Cubic-Bezier examples

div class="parent"> div class="ease">easediv> div class="easein">ease-indiv> div class="easeout">ease-outdiv> div class="easeinout">ease-in-outdiv> div class="linear">lineardiv> div class="cb">cubic-bezier(0.2,-2,0.8,2)div> div> 

.parent > div[class]  animation-name: changeme; animation-duration: 10s; animation-iteration-count: infinite; margin-bottom: 4px; > @keyframes changeme  0%  min-width: 12em; width: 12em; background-color: black; border: 1px solid red; color: white; > 100%  width: 90vw; min-width: 24em; background-color: magenta; color: yellow; border: 1px solid orange; > > 

.ease  animation-timing-function: ease; > .easein  animation-timing-function: ease-in; > .easeout  animation-timing-function: ease-out; > .easeinout  animation-timing-function: ease-in-out; > .linear  animation-timing-function: linear; > .cb  animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.2, -2, 0.8, 2); > 

Step examples

div class="parent"> div class="jump-start">jump-startdiv> div class="jump-end">jump-enddiv> div class="jump-both">jump-bothdiv> div class="jump-none">jump-nonediv> div class="start">startdiv> div class="end">enddiv> div class="step-start">step-startdiv> div class="step-end">step-enddiv> div> 

.parent > div[class]  animation-name: changeme; animation-duration: 10s; animation-iteration-count: infinite; margin-bottom: 4px; > @keyframes changeme  0%  min-width: 12em; width: 12em; background-color: black; border: 1px solid red; color: white; > 100%  width: 90vw; min-width: 24em; background-color: magenta; color: yellow; border: 1px solid orange; > > 

.jump-start  animation-timing-function: steps(5, jump-start); > .jump-end  animation-timing-function: steps(5, jump-end); > .jump-none  animation-timing-function: steps(5, jump-none); > .jump-both  animation-timing-function: steps(5, jump-both); > .start  animation-timing-function: steps(5, start); > .end  animation-timing-function: steps(5, end); > .step-start  animation-timing-function: step-start; > .step-end  animation-timing-function: step-end; > 

Specifications

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also

• Using CSS animations
• JavaScript AnimationEvent API
• cubic-bezier.com
• Other related animation properties: animation , animation-composition , animation-delay , animation-direction , animation-duration , animation-fill-mode , animation-iteration-count , animation-name , animation-play-state , animation-timeline

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This page was last modified on Jul 17, 2023 by MDN contributors.

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