Convert cyr string php

PHP convert_cyr_string() Function

The convert_cyr_string() function converts a string from one Cyrillic character-set to another.

The supported Cyrillic character-sets are:

• k — koi8-r
• w — windows-1251
• i — iso8859-5
• a — x-cp866
• d — x-cp866
• m — x-mac-cyrillic

Note: This function is binary-safe.

Syntax

Parameter Values

Parameter	Description
string	Required. The string to convert
from	Required. A character that specifies what Cyrillic character-set to convert from
to	Required. A character that specifies what Cyrillic character-set to convert to

Technical Details

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PHP convert_cyr_string() Function

The convert_cyr_string() function converts a string from one Cyrillic character-set to another.

The supported Cyrillic character-sets are:

• k — koi8-r
• w — windows-1251
• i — iso8859-5
• a — x-cp866
• d — x-cp866
• m — x-mac-cyrillic

Note: This function is binary-safe.

Syntax

Parameter Values

Parameter	Description
string	Required. The string to convert
from	Required. A character that specifies what Cyrillic character-set to convert from
to	Required. A character that specifies what Cyrillic character-set to convert to

Technical Details

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Report Error

If you want to report an error, or if you want to make a suggestion, do not hesitate to send us an e-mail:

Thank You For Helping Us!

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Top Tutorials

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Top Examples

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W3Schools is optimized for learning and training. Examples might be simplified to improve reading and learning. Tutorials, references, and examples are constantly reviewed to avoid errors, but we cannot warrant full correctness of all content. While using W3Schools, you agree to have read and accepted our terms of use, cookie and privacy policy.

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PHP : convert_cyr_string() function

The convert_cyr_string() function is used to converts a string from one Cyrillic character set to another.

List of supported Characters.

convert_cyr_string(main_string, source_string, target_string)

Name	Description	Required / Optional	Type
main_string	Main string to be converted.	Required	String
source_string	The source Cyrillic character set (as a single character).	Required	String
target_string	The target Cyrillic character set (as a single character).	Required	String

Return values

Value Type: String.

Pictorial Presentation

'; echo convert_cyr_string($main_string, 'w', 'k'); ?>

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PHP: Tips of the Day

How do I expire a PHP session after 30 minutes?

You should implement a session timeout of your own. Both options mentioned by others (session.gc_maxlifetime and session.cookie_lifetime) are not reliable. I’ll explain the reasons for that.

session.gc_maxlifetime

session.gc_maxlifetime specifies the number of seconds after which data will be seen as ‘garbage’ and cleaned up. Garbage collection occurs during session start.

But the garbage collector is only started with a probability of session.gc_probability divided by session.gc_divisor. And using the default values for those options (1 and 100 respectively), the chance is only at 1%.

Well, you could simply adjust these values so that the garbage collector is started more often. But when the garbage collector is started, it will check the validity for every registered session. And that is cost-intensive.

Furthermore, when using PHP’s default session.save_handler files, the session data is stored in files in a path specified in session.save_path. With that session handler, the age of the session data is calculated on the file’s last modification date and not the last access date:

Note: If you are using the default file-based session handler, your filesystem must keep track of access times (atime). Windows FAT does not so you will have to come up with another way to handle garbage collecting your session if you are stuck with a FAT filesystem or any other filesystem where atime tracking is not available. Since PHP 4.2.3 it has used mtime (modified date) instead of atime. So, you won’t have problems with filesystems where atime tracking is not available.

So it additionally might occur that a session data file is deleted while the session itself is still considered as valid because the session data was not updated recently.

session.cookie_lifetime

session.cookie_lifetime specifies the lifetime of the cookie in seconds which is sent to the browser. [�]

Yes, that’s right. This only affects the cookie lifetime and the session itself may still be valid. But it’s the server’s task to invalidate a session, not the client. So this doesn’t help anything. In fact, having session.cookie_lifetime set to 0 would make the session�s cookie a real session cookie that is only valid until the browser is closed.

Conclusion / best solution:

The best solution is to implement a session timeout of your own. Use a simple time stamp that denotes the time of the last activity (i.e. request) and update it with every request:

if (isset($_SESSION['LAST_ACTIVITY']) && (time() - $_SESSION['LAST_ACTIVITY'] > 1800)) < // last request was more than 30 minutes ago session_unset(); // unset $_SESSION variable for the run-time session_destroy(); // destroy session data in storage >$_SESSION['LAST_ACTIVITY'] = time(); // update last activity time stamp

Updating the session data with every request also changes the session file’s modification date so that the session is not removed by the garbage collector prematurely.

You can also use an additional time stamp to regenerate the session ID periodically to avoid attacks on sessions like session fixation:

if (!isset($_SESSION['CREATED'])) < $_SESSION['CREATED'] = time(); >else if (time() - $_SESSION['CREATED'] > 1800) < // session started more than 30 minutes ago session_regenerate_id(true); // change session ID for the current session and invalidate old session ID $_SESSION['CREATED'] = time(); // update creation time >

• session.gc_maxlifetime should be at least equal to the lifetime of this custom expiration handler (1800 in this example);
• if you want to expire the session after 30 minutes of activity instead of after 30 minutes since start, you’ll also need to use setcookie with an expire of time()+60*30 to keep the session cookie active.

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