Charmap codec can encode character python

How to fix unicodeencodeerror: ‘charmap’ codec can’t encode characters in Python?

The UnicodeEncodeError in Python is raised when the ‘charmap’ codec is unable to encode the characters in the string being processed. This error can occur when writing the string to a file, printing the string to the console, or when performing other operations that require converting the string to a byte representation. The ‘charmap’ codec is a character encoding that maps individual characters to specific byte values, and it can only encode a limited set of characters. If the string contains characters that are not part of the ‘charmap’ encoding, the UnicodeEncodeError is raised.

Method 1: Use the «UTF-8» Encoding

To fix the UnicodeEncodeError: ‘charmap’ codec can’t encode characters error in Python, you can use the UTF-8 encoding. Here’s how:

with open('file.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write('some text')

with open('file.txt', 'w') as f: f.write('some text'.encode('utf-8'))

import sys sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')

import codecs with codecs.open('file.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write('some text')

print('some text'.encode('utf-8').decode('utf-8'))

That’s it! By using the UTF-8 encoding, you can avoid the UnicodeEncodeError: ‘charmap’ codec can’t encode characters error in Python.

Method 2: Specify a Different Codec

When encountering the UnicodeEncodeError: ‘charmap’ codec can’t encode characters error in Python, one solution is to specify a different codec. Here’s how to do it in four steps:

1. Next, open the file with the codecs.open() function, specifying the desired encoding. For example, to open a file with UTF-8 encoding:

with codecs.open('file.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write('some text')

with open('file.txt', 'w') as f: f.write('some text'.encode('utf-8'))

with codecs.open('file.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: text = f.read()

That’s it! By specifying a different codec, you can avoid the UnicodeEncodeError and work with non-ASCII characters in your Python code.

Method 3: Ignore Unencodable Characters

If you are facing the UnicodeEncodeError: ‘charmap’ codec can’t encode characters, you can fix it by using the «ignore» encoding option. This option ignores any unencodable characters and continues encoding the rest of the string. Here is how to do it:

Step 1: Identify the problematic string

text = "This string contains some unencodable characters like © and ®"

Step 2: Encode the string with the «ignore» encoding option

encoded_text = text.encode('ascii', 'ignore')

Step 3: Decode the encoded string back to Unicode

decoded_text = encoded_text.decode('ascii')

Now, the decoded_text variable should contain the original text with the unencodable characters removed.

Here is the complete code example:

text = "This string contains some unencodable characters like © and ®" encoded_text = text.encode('ascii', 'ignore') decoded_text = encoded_text.decode('ascii') print(decoded_text)

This string contains some unencodable characters like and

Note that the «ignore» encoding option is not always the best solution. It may result in loss of information or unexpected behavior. It is recommended to use it only when you are sure that ignoring the unencodable characters is the right approach for your use case.

Method 4: Replace Unencodable Characters

If you are experiencing the UnicodeEncodeError: ‘charmap’ codec can’t encode characters error in Python, it means that you are trying to encode a string with non-ASCII characters using an encoding that does not support them. This can happen when you are trying to write to a file or print to the console.

One way to solve this problem is to replace the unencodable characters with a suitable replacement character. Here’s how you can do it in Python:

Step 1: Identify the Encoding

The first step is to identify the encoding that you are using. This can be done by calling the sys.stdout.encoding function.

import sys print(sys.stdout.encoding)

This will print the encoding that is being used by the console.

Step 2: Define a Replacement Character

Next, you need to define a replacement character that will be used to replace the unencodable characters. This can be any character that is supported by the encoding.

REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER = '\uFFFD'

Here, we are using the Unicode replacement character.

Step 3: Replace Unencodable Characters

Now, you can replace the unencodable characters with the replacement character using the encode function with the errors parameter set to ‘replace’ .

text = 'Hello, 世界!' encoded_text = text.encode(encoding=sys.stdout.encoding, errors='replace') decoded_text = encoded_text.decode(encoding=sys.stdout.encoding, errors='replace') print(decoded_text)

This will print the text with the unencodable characters replaced by the replacement character.

Step 4: Write to a File

If you want to write the text to a file, you can open the file with the appropriate encoding and write the encoded text.

with open('output.txt', 'w', encoding=sys.stdout.encoding) as f: f.write(encoded_text)

This will write the encoded text to a file named output.txt .

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UnicodeEncodeError: ‘charmap’ codec can’t encode — character maps to , print function [duplicate]

I am writing a Python (Python 3.3) program to send some data to a webpage using POST method. Mostly for debugging process I am getting the page result and displaying it on the screen using print() function. The code is like this:

conn.request("POST", resource, params, headers) response = conn.getresponse() print(response.status, response.reason) data = response.read() print(data.decode('utf-8')); 

the HTTPResponse .read() method returns a bytes element encoding the page (which is a well formated UTF-8 document) It seemed okay until I stopped using IDLE GUI for Windows and used the Windows console instead. The returned page has a U+2014 character (em-dash) which the print function translates well in the Windows GUI (I presume Code Page 1252) but does not in the Windows Console (Code Page 850). Given the strict default behavior I get the following error:

UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character '\u2014' in position 10248: character maps to

print(data.decode('utf-8').encode('cp850','replace').decode('cp850')) 

1. The code is ugly with all that decoding, encoding, and decoding.
2. It solves the problem for just this case. If I port the program for a system using some other encoding (latin-1, cp437, back to cp1252, etc.) it should recognize the target encoding. It does not. (for instance, when using again the IDLE GUI, the emdash is also lost, which didn’t happen before)
3. It would be nicer if the emdash translated to a hyphen instead of a interrogation bang.

The problem is not the emdash (I can think of several ways to solve that particularly problem) but I need to write robust code. I am feeding the page with data from a database and that data can come back. I can anticipate many other conflicting cases: an ‘Á’ U+00c1 (which is possible in my database) could translate into CP-850 (DOS/Windows Console encodign for Western European Languages) but not into CP-437 (encoding for US English, which is default in many Windows instalations).

Is there a nicer solution that makes my code agnostic from the output interface encoding?

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‘charmap’ codec can’t encode character error in Python while parsing HTML

but that does not work and gives error. Using dataFile = open(‘dataFile.html’, ‘wb’) gives me the error:

a bytes-like object is required, not 'str' 

1 Answer 1

You opened your text file without specifying an encoding:

dataFile = open('dataFile.html', 'w') 

This tells Python to use the default codec for your system. Every Unicode string you try to write to it will be encoded to that codec, and your Windows system is not set up with UTF-8 as the default.

Explicitly specify the encoding:

dataFile = open('dataFile.html', 'w', encoding='utf8') 

Next, you are trusting the HTTP server to know what encoding the HTML data is using. This is usually not set at all, so don’t use response.text ! It is not BeautifulSoup at fault here, you are re-encoding a Mojibake. The requests library will default to Latin-1 encoding for text/* content types when the server doesn’t explicitly specify an encoding, because the HTTP standard states that that is the default.

The only time Requests will not do this is if no explicit charset is present in the HTTP headers and the Content-Type header contains text . In this situation, RFC 2616 specifies that the default charset must be ISO-8859-1 . Requests follows the specification in this case. If you require a different encoding, you can manually set the Response.encoding property, or use the raw Response.content .

Pass in the response.content raw data instead:

soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.content, 'html.parser') 

BeautifulSoup 4 usually does a great job of figuring out the right encoding to use when parsing, either from a HTML tag or statistical analysis of the bytes provided. If the server does provide a characterset, you can still pass this into BeautifulSoup from the response, but do test first if requests used a default:

encoding = res.encoding if 'charset' in res.headers.get('content-type', '').lower() else None soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.content, 'html.parser', encoding=encoding) 

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