Each line should be separated with a CRLF (\r\n). Lines should not be larger than 70 characters.
(Windows only) When PHP is talking to a SMTP server directly, if a full stop is found on the start of a line, it is removed. To counter-act this, replace these occurrences with a double dot.
String or array to be inserted at the end of the email header.
This is typically used to add extra headers (From, Cc, and Bcc). Multiple extra headers should be separated with a CRLF (\r\n). If outside data are used to compose this header, the data should be sanitized so that no unwanted headers could be injected.
If an array is passed, its keys are the header names and its values are the respective header values.
Note:
Before PHP 5.4.42 and 5.5.27, repectively, additional_headers did not have mail header injection protection. Therefore, users must make sure specified headers are safe and contains headers only. i.e. Never start mail body by putting multiple newlines.
Note:
When sending mail, the mail must contain a From header. This can be set with the additional_headers parameter, or a default can be set in php.ini .
Failing to do this will result in an error message similar to Warning: mail(): «sendmail_from» not set in php.ini or custom «From:» header missing . The From header sets also Return-Path when sending directly via SMTP (Windows only).
Note:
If messages are not received, try using a LF (\n) only. Some Unix mail transfer agents (most notably » qmail) replace LF by CRLF automatically (which leads to doubling CR if CRLF is used). This should be a last resort, as it does not comply with » RFC 2822.
The additional_params parameter can be used to pass additional flags as command line options to the program configured to be used when sending mail, as defined by the sendmail_path configuration setting. For example, this can be used to set the envelope sender address when using sendmail with the -f sendmail option.
This parameter is escaped by escapeshellcmd() internally to prevent command execution. escapeshellcmd() prevents command execution, but allows to add additional parameters. For security reasons, it is recommended for the user to sanitize this parameter to avoid adding unwanted parameters to the shell command.
Since escapeshellcmd() is applied automatically, some characters that are allowed as email addresses by internet RFCs cannot be used. mail() can not allow such characters, so in programs where the use of such characters is required, alternative means of sending emails (such as using a framework or a library) is recommended.
The user that the webserver runs as should be added as a trusted user to the sendmail configuration to prevent a ‘X-Warning’ header from being added to the message when the envelope sender (-f) is set using this method. For sendmail users, this file is /etc/mail/trusted-users .
Return Values
Returns true if the mail was successfully accepted for delivery, false otherwise.
It is important to note that just because the mail was accepted for delivery, it does NOT mean the mail will actually reach the intended destination.
Changelog
| Version | Description |
|---|---|
| 7.2.0 | The additional_headers parameter now also accepts an array . |
Examples
Example #1 Sending mail.
Using mail() to send a simple email:
// The message
$message = «Line 1\r\nLine 2\r\nLine 3» ;
// In case any of our lines are larger than 70 characters, we should use wordwrap()
$message = wordwrap ( $message , 70 , «\r\n» );
// Send
mail ( ‘caffeinated@example.com’ , ‘My Subject’ , $message );
?>
Example #2 Sending mail with extra headers.
The addition of basic headers, telling the MUA the From and Reply-To addresses:
$to = ‘nobody@example.com’ ;
$subject = ‘the subject’ ;
$message = ‘hello’ ;
$headers = ‘From: webmaster@example.com’ . «\r\n» .
‘Reply-To: webmaster@example.com’ . «\r\n» .
‘X-Mailer: PHP/’ . phpversion ();
mail ( $to , $subject , $message , $headers );
?>
Example #3 Sending mail with extra headers as array
This example sends the same mail as the example immediately above, but passes the additional headers as array (available as of PHP 7.2.0).
$to = ‘nobody@example.com’ ;
$subject = ‘the subject’ ;
$message = ‘hello’ ;
$headers = array(
‘From’ => ‘webmaster@example.com’ ,
‘Reply-To’ => ‘webmaster@example.com’ ,
‘X-Mailer’ => ‘PHP/’ . phpversion ()
);
mail ( $to , $subject , $message , $headers );
?>
Example #4 Sending mail with an additional command line parameter.
The additional_params parameter can be used to pass an additional parameter to the program configured to use when sending mail using the sendmail_path .
Example #5 Sending HTML email
It is also possible to send HTML email with mail() .
// Multiple recipients
$to = ‘johny@example.com, sally@example.com’ ; // note the comma
// Subject
$subject = ‘Birthday Reminders for August’ ;
// Message
$message = ‘
Here are the birthdays upcoming in August!
| Person | Day | Month | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Johny | 10th | August | 1970 |
| Sally | 17th | August | 1973 |
‘ ;
// To send HTML mail, the Content-type header must be set
$headers [] = ‘MIME-Version: 1.0’ ;
$headers [] = ‘Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1’ ;
// Additional headers
$headers [] = ‘To: Mary , Kelly ‘ ;
$headers [] = ‘From: Birthday Reminder ‘ ;
$headers [] = ‘Cc: birthdayarchive@example.com’ ;
$headers [] = ‘Bcc: birthdaycheck@example.com’ ;
// Mail it
mail ( $to , $subject , $message , implode ( «\r\n» , $headers ));
?>
Note:
If intending to send HTML or otherwise Complex mails, it is recommended to use the PEAR package » PEAR::Mail_Mime.
Notes
Note:
The SMTP implementation (Windows only) of mail() differs in many ways from the sendmail implementation. First, it doesn’t use a local binary for composing messages but only operates on direct sockets which means a MTA is needed listening on a network socket (which can either on the localhost or a remote machine).
Second, the custom headers like From: , Cc: , Bcc: and Date: are not interpreted by the MTA in the first place, but are parsed by PHP.
As such, the to parameter should not be an address in the form of «Something «. The mail command may not parse this properly while talking with the MTA.
Note:
It is worth noting that the mail() function is not suitable for larger volumes of email in a loop. This function opens and closes an SMTP socket for each email, which is not very efficient.
For the sending of large amounts of email, see the » PEAR::Mail, and » PEAR::Mail_Queue packages.
See Also
Отправка почты средствами PHP
Работая над проектом, мне пришлось создать специфичную «анкету соискателя» в котором надо была отправлять всю анкету на указные за ране e-mail адрес, и я сразу же вспомнил про PHP функцию mail().
bool mail ( string to, string subject, string message [, string additional_headers [, string additional_parameters]]) - E-mail получателя
- Заголовок письма
- Текст письма
- Дополнительные заголовки письма
- Дополнительные параметры командной строки
- true, если письмо было принято к доставке
- false, в противном случае.
Простейший пример
Перейдем к более сложному примеру
Текст письма 1-ая строчка 2-ая строчка '; $headers = "Content-type: text/html; charset=windows-1251 \r\n"; $headers . ; $headers .= "Reply-To: reply-to@example.com\r\n"; mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers); ?> В начале мы определяем кому адресовано письмо, за это отвечает переменная &to, если же получателей несколько человек, то записываем через запятую адреса эл. почты.
Переменные $subject и $message, не буду описывать, это и так понятно.
- В первой строчке ми определяем ты отправляемого письма-HTML и кодировку windows-1251.
- В 2-ом мы указываем от кого пришло письмо.
- В 3-ем указываем e-mail адрес, для ответа на письмо.
А теперь самое интересное отправка письма c вложением (attachment)
$subject = "тема письма"; $message ="Текст сообщения"; // текст сообщения, здесь вы можете вставлять таблицы, рисунки, заголовки, оформление цветом и т.п. $filename = "file.doc"; // название файла $filepath = "files/file.doc"; // месторасположение файла //исьмо с вложением состоит из нескольких частей, которые разделяются разделителем $boundary = "--".md5(uniqid(time())); // генерируем разделитель $mailheaders = "MIME-Version: 1.0;\r\n"; $mailheaders .="Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=\"$boundary\"\r\n"; // разделитель указывается в заголовке в параметре boundary $mailheaders . ; $mailheaders .= "Reply-To: $user_email\r\n"; $multipart = "--$boundary\r\n"; $multipart .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1251\r\n"; $multipart .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64\r\n"; $multipart .= \r\n; $multipart .= chunk_split(base64_encode(iconv("utf8", "windows-1251", $message))); // первая часть само сообщение // Закачиваем файл $fp = fopen($filepath,"r"); if (!$fp) < print "Не удается открыть файл22"; exit(); >$file = fread($fp, filesize($filepath)); fclose($fp); // чтение файла $message_part = "\r\n--$boundary\r\n"; $message_part .= "Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name=\"$filename\"\r\n"; $message_part .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64\r\n"; $message_part .= "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"$filename\"\r\n"; $message_part .= \r\n; $message_part .= chunk_split(base64_encode($file)); $message_part .= "\r\n--$boundary--\r\n"; // второй частью прикрепляем файл, можно прикрепить два и более файла $multipart .= $message_part; mail($to,$subject,$multipart,$mailheaders); // отправляем письмо //удаляем файлы через 60 сек. if (time_nanosleep(5, 0)) < unlink($filepath); >// удаление файла Sending Nice HTML Email with PHP
This is going to be a continuation of the Website Change Request Form demo we’ve been using around here for a while. If you need to catch up, first I talked about it, then I built it, then I screencasted it, then I secured it. Throughout all of this, the end result has been a boring text-only email that gets sent to a single email address. We’re going to improve that output, and make the email into a nicer looking HTML-formatted email.
It’s Not Much Different Than Text Email
mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);The last parameter, the headers, are optional for the function but required for sending HTML email, as this is where we are able to pass along the Content-Type declaration telling email clients to parse the email as HTML. In fact, the headers area gives us the opportunity to do lots of important email functions. This is where we can set the From: and Reply To: settings if need be, as well as CC and BCC other recipients (Hey, a checkbox for CC’ing yourself would be a cool feature to add!). Here is the code used for the new and improved HTML-Sendin’ Website Change Request Form:
$to = '[email protected]'; $subject = 'Website Change Request'; $headers = "From: " . strip_tags($_POST['req-email']) . "\r\n"; $headers .= "Reply-To: ". strip_tags($_POST['req-email']) . "\r\n"; $headers . /cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" data-cfemail="fc8f898f9d92bc99849d918c9099d29f9391">[email protected]\r\n"; $headers .= "MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n"; $headers .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1\r\n";The message parameter (a big string we pass to the mail function with the body of our email), can now have HTML tags in it. For example:
$message = ''; $message .= 'Hello, World!
'; $message .= '';$message = ''; $message .= '
'; $message .= ''; $message .= "Name: " . strip_tags($_POST['req-name']) . " Email: " . strip_tags($_POST['req-email']) . " Type of Change: " . strip_tags($_POST['typeOfChange']) . " Urgency: " . strip_tags($_POST['urgency']) . " URL To Change (main): " . $_POST['URL-main'] . " URL To Change (additional): " . strip_tags($addURLS) . " CURRENT Content: " . $curText . " NEW Content: " . htmlentities($_POST['newText']) . "
"; $message .= "";
'; $message .= 'I think that looks A LOT nicer. And since this email is (theoretically) coming directly to you, isn’t it nice to know that it will be formatted to be easy on the eyes?
Some people just absolutely hate HTML email. For one, it can be a security risk as it’s possible to run JavaScript in them in some email clients which can be problematic. HTML emails also have a habit of being more easily caught in Spam filters. I think it’s less of a concern here as this email is essentially being created BY you FOR you.
I updated the demo and download to use the new HTML email format. View Demo Download Files There is likely to be another one or two demos on this form yet to come. I would at least like to do one on writing the data to a database before sending the email. Email can be such a fragile thing, that saving the data to a DB first is surely a smart move.