HTML Styles — CSS

CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.

CSS = Styles and Colors

What is CSS?

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is used to format the layout of a webpage.

With CSS, you can control the color, font, the size of text, the spacing between elements, how elements are positioned and laid out, what background images or background colors are to be used, different displays for different devices and screen sizes, and much more!

Tip: The word cascading means that a style applied to a parent element will also apply to all children elements within the parent. So, if you set the color of the body text to «blue», all headings, paragraphs, and other text elements within the body will also get the same color (unless you specify something else)!

Using CSS

CSS can be added to HTML documents in 3 ways:

• Inline — by using the style attribute inside HTML elements
• Internal — by using a element in the section
• External — by using a element to link to an external CSS file

The most common way to add CSS, is to keep the styles in external CSS files. However, in this tutorial we will use inline and internal styles, because this is easier to demonstrate, and easier for you to try it yourself.

Inline CSS

An inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element.

An inline CSS uses the style attribute of an HTML element.

The following example sets the text color of the element to blue, and the text color of the

element to red:

Example

A Blue Heading

Internal CSS

An internal CSS is used to define a style for a single HTML page.

An internal CSS is defined in the section of an HTML page, within a element.

The following example sets the text color of ALL the elements (on that page) to blue, and the text color of ALL the

elements to red. In addition, the page will be displayed with a «powderblue» background color:

Example

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

External CSS

An external style sheet is used to define the style for many HTML pages.

To use an external style sheet, add a link to it in the section of each HTML page:

Example

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

The external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file must not contain any HTML code, and must be saved with a .css extension.

Here is what the «styles.css» file looks like:

«styles.css»:

Tip: With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire web site, by changing one file!

CSS Colors, Fonts and Sizes

Here, we will demonstrate some commonly used CSS properties. You will learn more about them later.

The CSS color property defines the text color to be used.

The CSS font-family property defines the font to be used.

The CSS font-size property defines the text size to be used.

Example

Use of CSS color, font-family and font-size properties:

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

CSS Border

The CSS border property defines a border around an HTML element.

Tip: You can define a border for nearly all HTML elements.

Example

Use of CSS border property:

CSS Padding

The CSS padding property defines a padding (space) between the text and the border.

Example

Use of CSS border and padding properties:

CSS Margin

The CSS margin property defines a margin (space) outside the border.

Example

Use of CSS border and margin properties:

Link to External CSS

External style sheets can be referenced with a full URL or with a path relative to the current web page.

Example

This example uses a full URL to link to a style sheet:

Example

This example links to a style sheet located in the html folder on the current web site:

Example

This example links to a style sheet located in the same folder as the current page:

You can read more about file paths in the chapter HTML File Paths.

Chapter Summary

• Use the HTML style attribute for inline styling
• Use the HTML element to define internal CSS
• Use the HTML element to refer to an external CSS file
• Use the HTML element to store and elements
• Use the CSS color property for text colors
• Use the CSS font-family property for text fonts
• Use the CSS font-size property for text sizes
• Use the CSS border property for borders
• Use the CSS padding property for space inside the border
• Use the CSS margin property for space outside the border

Tip: You can learn much more about CSS in our CSS Tutorial.

HTML Exercises

HTML Style Tags

Tag	Description
	Defines style information for an HTML document
	Defines a link between a document and an external resource

For a complete list of all available HTML tags, visit our HTML Tag Reference.

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How to Set background color in HTML?

A typical webpage consists of different elements. These can be submitted buttons, checkboxes, sign up or login buttons, a facility for smooth scrolling, a banner and carousel, and much more.

We use HTML properties and CSS to style all these elements. But even if all the elements look pretty, there needs to be a proper background for the page. This can be an image or just a color.

For this, you need to specify the color you want to the HTML style tag. Or, you might add your desired background color to the CSS stylesheet.

In this article, we will discuss the different aspects of setting the background color to the web page and its various elements.

Adding a background color to page body using the style attribute

You can set the background color to an HTML page body in two ways. You can use the bgcolor property within the body tag. The other method is by using the style attribute. In this process, the style attribute of the body tag is used. This style attribute has a background-color property, which you will use to set the background color of the web page.

The bgcolor property was used earlier, which is now removed from HTML 5.

Setting Background color of the body using bgcolor property (without using CSS):

      
Background colour in HTML
  

Note: bgcolor property removed in HTML 5

Setting Background color of the body using style property (Inline CSS):

     
HTML Backgorund Color
 
Using CSS style.
  

But you have to remember that the style attribute takes precedence over any other style specified for the web page. So, the properties mentioned suing the style attribute will override any style set in the tag or a CSS style sheet.

Setting Background color of the body using CSS

    body 

Adding background color for HTML elements

We will now look at the different ways to add a background color to HTML elements:

Setting background color to Text

To set the required background color to the text on the page, you have to use the color property. You can specify the desired color in the or mention it in the CSS sheet.

For example,

I am red in color.

will work if you are not using a CSS stylesheet.

Otherwise, you can use the following code in CSS:

    p 
STechies.com 

Setting background colour to a , , Tags

Earlier, the bgcolor attribute was used for setting a color to a table. As it is depreciated in HTML 5, you will have to use CSS. For this, use the following CSS code:

    table < background-color: yellow; >th < background-color: blue; >tr  
 
 
Head
 
Head
 
 
Stechies
 
Stechies
 
 
 
  

The same property of background-color can be used for setting the color of table headers, rows, or cells in a table.

Setting background color to tags

You can set the colors of your choice to the div and paragraph elements using HTML or CSS. In HTML, you can use the tag. Use the following code:

    div 
Background color to div Tag
  

Setting background color to form elements like button and textbox

Background color can be set to form elements such as button and textbox using the style tag in HTML. For example,

    input[type=button] < background-color: #4CAF50; >input[type=text] 

Setting background color to form elements like button and textbox using the ID attribute

If you are using CSS, you might set the color easily with the help of an id attribute. You can set the id value of a button or a textbox to anything you like. This id can then be referred to when writing CSS code. For example, if the button has and the textbox has the following CSS code will be applicable,

    #mytextfield < background-color: gray; >#mybutton 

Setting background color to form elements like button and textbox using the class attribute

You can use class attribute the same as ID attribute, but the main difference between ID and the Class attribute is that we can use multiple class in any HTML element, but we have only one ID HTML element.

    .mytextfield < background-color: gray; >.mybutton 

Different ways to define color in the background property

Using Hex color codes

You can specify the background color through hexadecimal color codes. You can mention this within the style tag or using the CSS background-color property.

This will set the background color to Indigo.

Using HTML color names

You can specify the color names in the HTML or CSS document for the web page or element background.

Using RGB color values

RGB values are used to define the amount of red, green, and blue using a number. This number lies between 0 and 255.

The RGB(255,0,0) value will make the background color red. This is because red is set to the highest amount, and the others are set to 0.

Using HSL color values

Another way to add background color is by using HSL values in HTML and CSS. It stands for hue, saturation, and lightness. Hue is the degree of intensity on the color wheel. Here, 0 means red, 240 is blue, and 120 is green. The saturation level is a percentage where 0 % is a shade of grey 100 % is the full color.

A percentage value is used for the lightness that defines the intensity of the color. Here, 0 % is black, and 100 % is white. 50 % is neither light nor dark. Use the code below for HSL values:

Create a Gradient Background

You can create a gradient background for a web page using CSS. There are two ways to go about it:

Background color linear gradient

In this method, the direction of the gradient is mentioned along with the colors. Directions such as to bottom, to top, to the right, to the left, or to the bottom right can be used.

For example,

    body Stechies.com 

You can also use multiple colors together. Instead of directions, you can use angles such as -90deg.

Background color radial gradient

Here, the gradient is defined by its center. You will have to mention at least two colors.

The basic syntax is as follows:

background-image: radial-gradient(shape size at position, start-color, . last-color);

For example,

    body Stechies.com 

Conclusion

The different ways to set background colors are discussed. You can either mention the styles within the HTML document using the tag. You can also use external style sheets for setting the style properties. But make sure the values are correct when you are using hex codes and HSL values.

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Атрибут bgcolor

Зависит от браузера и его версии, но обычно используется белый цвет фона.

Аналог CSS

Валидация

Использование этого атрибута осуждается спецификацией HTML, валидный код получается только при использовании переходного .

Не выкладывайте свой код напрямую в комментариях, он отображается некорректно. Воспользуйтесь сервисом cssdeck.com или jsfiddle.net, сохраните код и в комментариях дайте на него ссылку. Так и результат сразу увидят.

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