Adding symbols in html

HTML Symbols: Get Familiar With HTML Special Character Codes

TL;DR – HTML symbols can be added to the text using their entity names or character codes.

Contents

Adding HTML Special Characters

To be comfortable to use, a computer keyboard has to be rather compact. However, this also means it can contain a limited amount of symbols. That is why a lot of HTML special characters cannot be simply typed in.

The easiest way to include special characters in HTML documents is by writing their entity names. An entity name always starts with an ampersand (&) and ends with a semicolon (;):

There is no need to use tags, attributes, properties, or values. When writing text in your website, include the entity name when needed:

!–– Use — or — to add — ––> h2>Learn to add the beautiful em dash — it is so easy! h2>

However, not all HTML symbols have entity names. In that case, you should write HTML special character codes — entity numbers, decimal or hexadecimal references:

p>This is the trademark symbol - ™ p> p>This is the trademark symbol - ™ p> p>This is the trademark symbol - ™ p>

HTML Entities List

In the following section, we will introduce you to the most commonly used HTML special characters and ways to add them to your documents. However, the whole selection of them is much wider – you can check it out in this page created by the World Web Consortium.

Most Common Entities

Char	Entity	Number	Definition
&	&	&	Ampersand
*	*	*	Asterisk
@	@	@	At symbol
%	%	%	Percent
®	®	®	Registered sign
©	©	©	Copyright sign
™	™	™	Trademark
		Non-breaking space
°	°	&#176	Degree
℃	℃	Celsius degree
℉	&#8457	Farenheit degree

Currency Symbols

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Mathematical Symbols

Char	Entity	Number	Definition
+	&plus	+	Plus
−	−	−	Minus
×	×	×	Multiplication
÷	÷	÷	Division
=	=	=	Equal
≠	≠	≠	Not equal
±	±	±	Plus or minus
∀	∀	∀	For all
∃	∃	∃	There exists
∂	∂	∂	Partial differential
∇	∇	∇	Nabla
∅	∅	∅	Empty sets
∉	∉	∉	Not an element of
∈	∈	∈	Element of
∋	∋	∋	Contains as a member
∑	∑	∑	N-ary summation
∏	∏	∏	N-ary product

Greek Letters

Char	Entity	Number	Definition
Β	Β	Β	Greek capital letter beta
A	Α	Α	Greek capital letter alpha
Δ	Δ	Δ	Greek capital letter delta
Γ	Γ	Γ	Greek capital letter gamma
Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	Greek capital letter zeta
E	Ε	Ε	Greek capital letter epsilon

Other Symbols

Char	Entity	Number	Definition
↑	↑	↑	Upwards arrow
←	←	←	Leftwards arrow
↓	↓	↓	Downwards arrow
→	→	→	Rightwards arrow
♣	♣	♣	Black club suit
♠	♠	♠	Black spade suit
♦	♦	♦	Black diamond suit
♥	♥	♥	Black heart suit

HTML Symbols: Useful Tips

• To prevent your web page from failing to display HTML special characters, define the charset as UTF-8 in the tag of your HTML document.
• If you need to include East Asian characters in your web page, consider adding ruby annotations to help the user with their pronunciation.
• With HTML symbol codes, you can also include emojis: try adding ✌ or ☘ to your page!

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HTML Symbols

Symbols that are not present on your keyboard can also be added by using entities.

HTML Symbol Entities

HTML entities were described in the previous chapter.

Many mathematical, technical, and currency symbols, are not present on a normal keyboard.

To add such symbols to an HTML page, you can use the entity name or the entity number (a decimal or a hexadecimal reference) for the symbol.

Example

Display the euro sign, €, with an entity name, a decimal, and a hexadecimal value:

I will display €

I will display €

I will display €

Will display as:

Some Mathematical Symbols Supported by HTML

Char	Number	Entity	Description	Try it
∀	∀	∀	FOR ALL	Try it »
∂	∂	∂	PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL	Try it »
∃	∃	∃	THERE EXISTS	Try it »
∅	∅	∅	EMPTY SETS	Try it »
∇	∇	∇	NABLA	Try it »
∈	∈	∈	ELEMENT OF	Try it »
∉	∉	∉	NOT AN ELEMENT OF	Try it »
∋	∋	∋	CONTAINS AS MEMBER	Try it »
∏	∏	∏	N-ARY PRODUCT	Try it »
∑	∑	∑	N-ARY SUMMATION	Try it »

Some Greek Letters Supported by HTML

Char	Number	Entity	Description	Try it
Α	Α	Α	GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA	Try it »
Β	Β	Β	GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA	Try it »
Γ	Γ	Γ	GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA	Try it »
Δ	Δ	Δ	GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA	Try it »
Ε	Ε	Ε	GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON	Try it »
Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA	Try it »

Some Other Entities Supported by HTML

Char	Number	Entity	Description	Try it
©	©	©	COPYRIGHT SIGN	Try it »
®	®	®	REGISTERED SIGN	Try it »
€	€	€	EURO SIGN	Try it »
™	™	™	TRADEMARK	Try it »
←	←	←	LEFTWARDS ARROW	Try it »
↑	↑	↑	UPWARDS ARROW	Try it »
→	→	→	RIGHTWARDS ARROW	Try it »
↓	↓	↓	DOWNWARDS ARROW	Try it »
♠	♠	♠	BLACK SPADE SUIT	Try it »
♣	♣	♣	BLACK CLUB SUIT	Try it »
♥	♥	♥	BLACK HEART SUIT	Try it »
♦	♦	♦	BLACK DIAMOND SUIT	Try it »

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How to add special symbols in HTML

There are numerous symbols that cannot be used directly in HTML, these are referred to as special symbols. The special symbols can be used in HTML by using the entity names, decimal values, and HEX values. This post serves the following learning outcomes:

– special symbols supported by HTML

– how to add special symbols in HTML

Special symbols in HTML

This core section presents the classification of special symbols and provides the functionality of these symbols using examples.

Mathematical symbols in HTML

The basic mathematical symbols are available on the keyboard. However, various advanced-level mathematical symbols can be used in HTML that may not be found on the keyboards. Let’s have a look at these symbols.

Symbols	Description	Entity Name	Decimal Value	HEX value
∅	Empty set	∅	∅	∅
∪	Union	∪	∪	∪
∩	Intersection	∩	∩	∩
∝	Proportional to	∝	∝	∝
∈	Belongs to	∈	∈	∈
∉	Does not belong to	∉	∉	∉
≅	Nearly equals	≅	≅	≅
⊂	Subset of	⊂	⊂	⊂
⊃	Superset of	⊃	⊃	⊃
⊆	Subset of/equal to	⊆	⊆	⊆
⊇	Superset of/equal to	⊇	⊇	⊇
∀	For all	∀	∀	∉
√	Square root	√	√	√
∞	Infinity	∞	∞	∞

The above table provides the symbols that are frequently used in HTML. Let’s go through the following examples to add the mathematical symbols in HTML.

How to add mathematical symbols in HTML

The code provided here represents the ways to add mathematical symbols in HTML.

– three mathematical symbols named for all, empty set, and proportional to are added in HTML

– for all symbol is added using its entity name whereas the empty set and proportional to are added using their decimal and HEX values respectively.

The output shows that all the symbols are presented using the various representations in HTML.

Greek symbols in HTML

The Greek symbols are also not available on the keyboard and thus cannot be added directly. The table shows the list of various Greek letters along with their entity names and entity numbers.

Symbols	Description	Entity Name	Entity Number
Α	Capital Alpha	Α	Α
Β	Capital Beta	Β	Β
Γ	Capital Gamma	Γ	Γ
Δ	Capital Delta	Δ	Δ

Let’s practice them using an example

How to add Greek symbols in HTML

The code provided below prints the Greek letters using their entity names and entity numbers. S

The above code contains four paragraphs in which Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta are used. The entity name is used for Alpha and Gamma whereas the Beta and Delta are added using their entity numbers.

The relevant Greek symbols can be observed from the output.

Currency symbols in HTML

Currency symbols are also not available on the normal keyboard except the dollar sign($). However, they can also be added using the HEX value and decimal values that are provided in the following table.

Symbol	Description	Decimal Value	HEX value
€	Euro (European currency)	€	€
₺	Turkish Lira (Turkey Currency)	₤	₤
₿	Bitcoin (Digital Currency)	₿	₿
₨	Rupee(Pakistani Currency)	₨	₨
₣	Franc (French Currency)	₣	₣

Let’s add them in an HTML document.

How to add currency symbols in HTML

The example provided below adds various currency signs in an HTML document.

– four paragraphs are used that are supposed to get the symbol of Euro, Rupee, Turkish Lira, and Bitcoin.

– these currency symbols are added using the HEX and decimal values

Other symbols in HTML

The symbols that do not belong to the above categories are discussed here. The following table lists down these symbols with their entity names/numbers.

Symbol	Description	Entity Number	Entity Number
®	Registered	®	®
™	Trademark	™	™
©	Copyright	©	©
←	Left arrow	←	←
→	Right Arrow	→	→
↑	Up Arrow	↑	↑
↓	Down Arrow	↓	↓

How to add these symbols in HTML

The following HTML code adds the above symbols to HTML.

Four paragraphs are practiced that uses the entity names and entity numbers of copyright, trademark, left-arrow, and right-arrow. s

The output shown above displays the copyright, trademark, let-arrow, and right-arrow.

Conclusion

The special symbols refer to those that cannot be added directly to HTML. These symbols can either be added by using the entity names, HEX values, or decimal values. This post provides possible ways to add special symbols in HTML. Firstly, we classified the special symbols into categories named, mathematical symbols, Greek symbols, currency symbols, and mixed. Furthermore, we have added an example in each category that demonstrates the addition of special symbols in HTML.

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